University of Nevada Las Vegas College of Civil & Environmental Engineering


CEE 468/668 GIS Applications in Civil Engineering

CEE 468/668 - GIS Applications in Civil Engineering

Section 0: Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Calendar of Lecture Topics, Guest Speakers and Assignments

Section 1: Syllabus

Instructor Biography

Teaching Assistant(s)

Mission Statements

Civil and Environmental Engineering Mission Statement

It is the mission of the department to produce quality civil engineering graduates with technical and management skills that meet or exceed the expectations of industry, government and graduate programs.

CEE 468/668 Mission Statement

To make great civil engineers! To provide the knowledge and tools necessary to help aid them in civilizing the wilderness.

CEE 468 Course Relationship with UNLV College of Engineering Program Outcomes

Learning Objectives

CEE 301 Course Learning Objectives

Upon successfully completing this course, the student will be able to perform the following:

  1. Students knowledge they apply the GIS tool to solve problems
  2. Students can create plots in ArcMap. Know how to add layers, label & symbolize features
  3. Students can generate reports from a tabular database
  4. Students can query & join tables in a tabular database
  5. Students can perform spatial analysis/buffers/overlays/spatial joins within ArcMap
  6. Students can create a tabular & spatial databases (i.e. geodatabase)
  7. Students can create accurate features (i.e. points, polygons, & lines) using coordinate geometry (COGO) editing tools
  8. Students can create point features from a database using geocoding and the Add X/Y method
  9. Students know what metadata is and how to use it
  10. Students know the various agencies they can obtain GIS related data from
  11. Students can use raster data such as aerial photos
  12. Students can create surfaces/digital terrain models (DTM) and contours

Instructor's Expectations from Students

Student's Expectations from Instructor

Software

Software-Required

Software-Recommened

MapGuide

Hydrology Software

Textbooks

Textbook-Required

Textbook-Recommended

Class Roster

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CEE 468
Student Name Email Class Standing Group Partner(s)
Barajas, Ivana ivanabarajas@yahoo.com   Ty Nelson
Barber, Kayli barberk2@unlv.nevada.edu or vegaskayli@hotmail.com FEMA Flood Zones and LOMRs Shaun Boulton and Cassandra Watson
Boulton, Shaun shnbltn@yahoo.com FEMA Flood Zones and LOMRs Kayli Barber and Cassandra Watson
Braddell, Scott scottb@vtnnv.com   Joe Cetrulo, Scott Maxfield and John Rescober
Cetrulo, Joseph-Peter cetruloj@cox.net   Scott Braddell, Scott Maxfield and John Rescober
Cirrinicione, Thomas lvdiceman19@hotmail.com    
Croft, Dustin dustinb313@msn.com    
Cunningham, Michael mjackal845@cox.net michaelc@taneycorp.com, micunningham@lasvegasnevada.gov    
Glenn, Bryan glennb2@unlv.nevada.edu Reproduce Digital FIRM Panels Feng Pan and James Frame
Graves, Kevin kevingraves83@hotmail.com   Kelly Wilson, Kimberly Lowe, Kevin Graves and Sunshine Woods
Hansen, Robert rhansen@wrightengineers.com or rhansen@unlv.nevada.edu   Chris Parker and Tahmineh Zenhari
Kalawe, Alex dahamma46@hotmail.com    
Kobayashi, Lynden lynden69808@hotmail.com    
Lowe, Kimberly lowek@unlv.nevada.edu   Kelly Wilson, Kevin Graves and Sunshine Woods
Maxfield, Scott Donald dsmax4@gmail.com   Scott Braddell, Joe Cetrulo and John Rescober
Nelson, Ty tyjnelson@gmail.com   Ivana Barajas
Parker, Christopher cparker@wrightengineers.com   Tahmineh Zenhari and Rob Hansen
Piparo, Timothy ttpip48@gmail.com    
Robinson, Richard richardr2126@hotmail.com or robinsor@unlv.nevada.edu FEMA Flood Zones and LOMRs Kayli Barber, Shaun Boulton and Cassandra Watson
Suarez, Luis sephirothlita@hotmail.com    
Watson, Cassandra cassjwats@yahoo.com FEMA Flood Zones and LOMRs Kayli Barber, Shaun Boulton and Richard Robinson
Wilson, Kelly calisac@hotmail.com   Kimberly Lowe, Kevin Graves and Sunshine Woods
Woods, Sunshine sunshinemwoods@hotmail.com   Kelly Wilson, Kimberly Lowe and Kevin Graves
Zenhari, Tahmineh tzenhari@wrightengineers.com   Chris Parker and Rob Hansen
CEG 668
Grad Name Email Standing Major
Frame, James kimo6525@gmail.com Reproduce Digital FIRM Panels Feng Pan and Bryan Glenn
Holur Venkatesh, Nanda nandavenkatesh@gmail.com or nanda@egr.unlv.edu Create Isopluvials from RFCD Rain Gauges Civil- Virupaksha, Vinay
Isukapalli, Bala Geetha Van geetha_unlv@yahoo.com or isukapal@unlv.nevada.edu Masters Transportation - Anil Kumar Puli
Kaiparambil, Ancila kaipara2@unlv.nevada.edu or ancila.kv@gmail.com Implement an Internet Mapping Application Using MapGuide, Map of Interconnect/FAST conduit lines and Existing/Proposed Traffic Signals Civil - Naveen Veeramisti, Avinash Kaiparambil, Vidhya Kumaresan
Kaiparambil, Avinash kv_avinash@yahoo.com Implement an Internet Mapping Application Using MapGuide, Map of Interconnect/FAST conduit lines and Existing/Proposed Traffic Signals Civil- Vidhya Kumaresan, Naveen Veeramisti, Ancila Kaiparambil
Kouhpaenejad, Ahmad Ed edkouhpa@yahoo.com Doctoral Civil- Xuecai Xu and Xin Li
Kumaresan, Vidhya vidhyakumaresan@gmail.com Implement an Internet Mapping Application Using MapGuide, Map of Interconnect/FAST conduit lines and Existing/Proposed Traffic Signals Civil- Avinash Kaiparambil, Vidhya Kumaresan, Naveen Verramisti
Li, Xin lix11@unlv.nevada.edu Doctoral Civil- Kouhpaenejad, Ahmad Ed and Xuecai Xi
Pan, Feng panpanfeng797@gmail.com Reproduce Digital FIRM Panels Bryan Glenn, James Frame
Puli, Anil Kumar pulia@unlv.nevada.edu   Geetha Isukapalli
Rescober, John jrescober@gcwallace.com or parejojo@hotmail.com   Scott Braddell, Joe Cetrulo and Scott Maxfield
chinthunavin@gmail.com Implement an Internet Mapping Application Using MapGuide, Map of Interconnect/FAST conduit lines and Existing/Proposed Traffic Signals Civil - Ancila Kaiparambil, Avinash Kaiparambil, Vidhya Kumaresan
Virupaksha, Vinay vinay@egr.unlv.edu Create Isopluvials from RFCD Rain Gauges Transportation- Nanda Venkatesh
Xu, Xuecai xux2@unlv.nevada.edu Doctoral Civil- Kouhpaenejad, Ahmad Ed and Xin Li

Computer Lab

Location and Time

UNLV College of Engineering Room TBE-B367 (Computers: 32 for students & 1 for instructor)
Tuesday nights, 7:00-9:30PM

Objective

Make Great Civil Engineers. To develop sufficient knowledge in each student on how to use, gather, and create spatial data to solve problems in civil engineering.

Prerequisites

CEG 201, and any one of CEG 362, 334, 452, 453

Classroom format, grading, homework, exams

Grades Query from Login webpage

Description Percentage Number Assignments Assignment Worth Total Points
GIS Tutorial Workbook Exercises 25.2% 9 28 252
ESRI Virtual Campus 11.2% 14 8 112
Lecture (In Class) Homework 24.7% 13 19 247
Term/Class Project 18.9% 1 189 189
Final Exam 20% 1 200 200
Total 100%     1000

Grade Percentage Range Minimum Points
A 100%-93% 930
A- 92%-89% 890
B+ 88%-86% 860
B 85%-82% 820
B- 81%-79% 790
C+ 78-74% 740
C 73%-69% 690
C- 68%-65% 650
D 64%-60% 600
F 59%-0% <600

Lecture Homework

Email Rules when submitting answers to homework assignments

Assignments

  2. Lecture Homework for Class #1
    • Obtain UNLV Computer Account and Email (e.g. username@egr.unlv.edu or username@unlv.nevada.edu)
    • Create account on campus.esri.com
    • Enroll in all the provided virtual campus courses
    • Know how to Transfer files between home/work and UNLV. Recommend using SSH, NetStorage, USB Thumbdrive, email or burning a CD
    • Obtain Required Textbook
    • Email send an email from your preferred email account to cee468@egr.unlv.edu. Subject line must be as stated in the Email Rules above.
  3. Lecture Homework for Class #2
    • none
    • Email members of your team for the class project with the subject of the term project
    • Lecture Homework for Class #3
      • Read Chapter 1 and 2 of Getting to Know ArcGIS
      • Obtain ArcGIS CD from instructor - install on home computer if running Win2000 or XP
      • Email a PDF of the RTC Monorail area. Show streets and city boundaries. Add a text label with your name and homework assignment#
    • Lecture Homework for Class #4
      • Read Chapter 3 and 4 of Getting to Know ArcGIS
    • Lecture Homework for Class #5
      • Read Chapter 18 and 19 of Getting to Know ArcGIS
      • Create an ArcGIS map document template (.mxt) for this and future assignments. Add north arrow, neatlines, title, logo, and vicinity map. Paper size 8.5in by 11in, landscape.
      • Add point feature of 1000 random elevation points on the new UNLV Research and Technology Park
      • Add Aerial Photo of the Research and Technology Park as background, photos taken Fall 2005, 5 ft pixels, F0516333.TIF f0516333.tfw F0516333.aux
      • Add the street centerline (SCL) geodatabase (streetcenterline.mdb), streets line feature class to the map.
      • Label the street using the strname field
      • Export above layout as pdf and Email to cee468@egr.unlv.edu
    • Lecture Homework for Class #6
      • Read Chapter 5 of Getting to Know ArcGIS
      • Create an 8.5x11 map showing the following
      • Major streets around UNLV
      • Vacant Land surrounding UNLV (~ 1 - 2 miles around campus) (Geodatabase - Parcel.mdb with LANDUSE = 0)
      • Label all wheel chair ramps in this area (Geodatabase - SidewalkRamps2003.mdb)
      • Export above layout as pdf and Email to cee468@egr.unlv.edu. Note if PDF is larger than 2mb, then change the resolution from 300dpi to 72dpi
    • Lecture Homework for Class #7
      • Create an 8.5x11 map showing the traffic signals in Clark County
      • Add major streets
      • Export above layout as pdf and Email to cee468@egr.unlv.edu
    • Lecture Homework for Class #8
      • Create an 8.5x11 map showing the RFCD land use, similar to H figures in the Master Plan Update
      • Add a vicinity map
      • Export above layout as pdf and Email to cee468@egr.unlv.edu. Note if PDF is larger than 2mb, then change the resolution from 300dpi to 72dpi
    • Lecture Homework for Class #9
    • Lecture Homework for Class #10
      • Create a PDF of the overlay analysis of Flamingo Wash Basin ID 11. Overlay with the SSURGO dataset using the INTERSECT tool in ArcToolbox. Dissolve the polygon based on the Basin ID. Add a multiline label text of the perecentage of hydrologic groups A, B, C, and D. Email to cee468@egr.unlv.edu
    • Lecture Homework for Class #11
      • Create a PDF of Clark County Zoning. Label each polygon with the zoning class (e.g. R-1, R-2, ...). Add the ROI/ZC layer showing which parcels have started the zone change process.
    • Lecture Homework for Class #12
      • Create a PDF of all the septic tanks, do a buffer of 2979 ft (approximately 1 square mile buffer). Find the highest density of septic tanks. Show existing sewer lines.
    • Lecture Homework for Class #13
    • Lecture Homework for Class #14
      • Create a PDF of the excercise done in class.
    • Lecture Homework for Class #15
      • Email the screenshot of the Model done in class as JPEG file.
    • Lecture Homework for Class #16
    • Lecture Homework for Class #17
    • Lecture Homework for Class #18
    • Lecture Homework for Class #19
    • Lecture Homework for Class #20
    • Lecture Homework for Class #21
    • Lecture Homework for Class #22
    • Lecture Homework for Class #23
    • Lecture Homework for Class #24
    • Lecture Homework for Class #25
    • Lecture Homework for Class #26
      • none
    • Lecture Homework for Class #27
      • none
    • Lecture Homework for Class #28
      • None
    • Lecture Homework for Class #29
      • None - video presentations
    • Lecture Homework for Class #30
      • None

    ESRI Virtual Campus

    ESRI Virtual Campus Courses available for UNLV students contact instructor to obtain the course access code

    UNLV Representative for ESRI Software and Virtual Campus Code Requests - Jaye Rodriguez, Agency Program Information Specialist II with Campus Computing Services. Email: jaye.rodriguez@unlv.edu, Tel 702-895-0736, Fax 702-895-0797

    INSTRUCTIONS FOR STARTING A COURSE:
    -------------------------------------------------
    Step 1: SIGN IN
    Go to http://campus.esri.com. If you are already a Virtual Campus member, sign in with your member login and password. If you are not a member, click "Join now" under Member Sign-In and complete the form to become a member.

    Step 2: START A COURSE WITH YOUR COURSE ACCESS CODE
    Click "My Courses" on the left side of the page. Type your 14-character Course Access Code, and click "Add to My Courses." The title of the course will appear in your course listing.

    Step 3: GO TO CLASS
    In your course listing, click on the course title to begin. A list of the course modules is displayed along with other course information.

    If you have any questions, go to Campus SUPPORT at http://campus.esri.com/campus/support, and check the FAQs or use the Contact Us link, http://campus.esri.com/campus/support/contact us.

    Thank you!

    The ESRI Virtual Campus Team
    http://campus.esri.com

    Virtual Campus License Codes will be passed out at first class


    Sample Module Completion Ribbon

    How to print the module ribbon of completion some time after its been completed

    ESRI Virtual Campus

    ESRI Virtual Campus Homework

    Email module completion certificates to cee468@egr.unlv.edu with the subject line including your full name, class# virtual campus module

    1. Class #1
      • none
    2. Class #2
      • Learning ArcGIS 9 - Module 1 - Getting Started with ArcGIS
    3. Class #3
      • Learning ArcGIS 9 - Module 2 - Creating Map Symbology
    4. Class #4
      • Learning ArcGIS 9 - Module 3 - Referencing Data to Real Locations
    5. Class #5
      • Learning ArcGIS 9 - Module 4 - Organizing and Editing Data
    6. Class #6
      • Learning ArcGIS 9 - Module 5 - Creating and Editing Data
    7. Class #7
      • Learning ArcGIS 9 - Module 6 - Getting Started with GIS Analysis
    8. Class #8
      • Learning ArcGIS 9 - Module 7 - Working with Geoprocessing and Modeling Tools
    9. Class #9
      • Learning ArcGIS 9 - Module 8 - Designing Maps with ArcGIS
    10. Class #10
      • The 15 Minute Map: Creating a Basin Map in ArcMap
    11. Class #11
      • Any module in Any Virtual Campus
    12. Class #12
      • Any module in any virutal campus
    13. Class #13
      • Any module in any virutal campus
    14. Class #14
      • Any module in any virtual campus
    15. Class #15
      • Any module in any virtual campus
    16. Class #16
      • Any module in any virtual campus
    17. Class #17
      • Any module in any virtual campus
    18. Class #18
      • Any module in any virtual campus
    19. Class #19
      • Any module in any virtual campus
    20. Class #20
      • Any module in any virtual campus
    21. Class #21
      • Any module in any virtual campus
    22. Class #22
      • Any module in any virtual campus
    23. Class #23
      • Any module in any virtual campus
    24. Class #24
      • Any module in any virtual campus
    25. Class #25
      • Any module in any virtual campus
    26. Class #26
      • Any module in any virtual campus
    27. Class #27
      • Any module in any virtual campus
    28. Class #28
      • Any module in any virtual campus
    29. Class #29
      • Any module in any virtual campus
    30. Class #30
      • Any module in any virtual campus

    Term Project Presentation

    Term Project Presentation Schedule (Date: May 1st, 2007, Tuesday)

    No. Time Schedule Group Memebers
    1 6:00pm-6:20pm Geetha Isukapalli and Anil Puli
    2 6:20pm-6:40pm Ed Ahmad Kouhpaenejad, Xuecai Xu and Xin Li
    3 6:40pm-7:00pm Kayli Barber, Shaun Boulton, Richard Robinson and Cassandra Watson
    4 7:00pm-7:20pm Kimberly Lowe, Kelly Wilson and Sunshine Woods
    5 7:20pm-7:40pm Mike Cunningham, Luis Suarez, Lynden Koboyashi, Alex Kalawe
    6 7:40pm-8:00pm Robert Hansen, Chris Parker, and Tahmineh Zenhari
    7 8:00pm-8:20pm Scott Braddell, Joe Cetrulo, Scott Maxfield, and John Rescober

    Term Project

    Term Project Presentation Schedule (Date: May 3rd, 2007, Thursday)

    No. Time Schedule Group Memebers
    1 5:20pm-5:40pm Ivana Barajas, Ty Nelson, Tom Cirrinicione, and Dustin Croft
    2 5:40pm-6:00pm Feng Pan, Bryan Glenn, James Frame
    3 6:00pm-6:20pm Vinay Virupaksha and Nanda Venkatesh
    4 6:20pm-6:40pm Naveen Veeramisti, Ancila Kaiparambil, Vidhya Kumaresan and Avinash Kaiparambil

    Rules for Term Project

    Schedule for Initial Interview

    will be held in B367. Objective is to discuss your interests and develop a theme for the term project. Interviews will be 15 minutes for each group, 10 minutes for each student.

    Interview Agenda

  4. Class Term Project. Demonstrate knowledge in apply ArcView 9 to solve problems in civil engineering. Deliverables are a 15 minute presentation and handouts (e.g. maps, background information, slides, notes, etc.). Project can be done as a group or individually. Shashi Nambisan and Thomas Piechota have offered to help identify possible projects.

      Term Project Grading Metric

      • Weekly Report Progress (60 pts)
        1. Identify Team Members (3 pts)
        2. Number of ideas generated in brainstorming exercise (5 pts)
        3. Select project from brainstorming exercise (5 pts)
        4. Submitted Project Title (2 pts)
        5. Submitted Problem Description Statement - Objective of Report (5 pts)
        6. Submitted Brief Description of Project (5 pts)
        7. Submitted Data Needs (5 pts)
        8. Identify Spatial Data Sources (5 pts)
        9. Methodology, process to solve the problem (5 pts)
        10. Draft GIS figure(s) (5 pts)
        11. Conclusion (5 pts)
        12. Draft Report (5 pts)
        13. Powerpoint Presentation Slides (5 pts)
      • Final Presentation (60 pts)
        1. Duration of presentation, 15 minutes
        2. Quality of Power Point Slides
        3. Incorporate GIS graphics from ArcMap into presentation
        4. Discussion of GIS analysis
        5. Participation of team members - graded individually
      • Final Report (60 pts)
        1. Used Microsoft Template for report, Use the Microsoft Word Term Paper Template (Templates > Education > For Students > Papers, Reports, and Presentation. Can be downloaded from officeupdate.microsoft.com/TemplateGallery/
        2. Introduction
        3. Included 2 figures created from ArcMap
        4. Conclusion
        5. References
      • Extra credit for team leader (5 pts)
      • Extra credit submit final report and PowerPoint presentation in native or PDF format (5 pts)

      Term Project Appointments

      Example Term Project Ideas

      1. Hydrology
        • FEMA Flood Zones and LOMRs (Kayli, Richard, Cassandra, Shaun)
        • Reproduce Digital FIRM Panels (Feng Pan, Bryan Glenn, James Frame)
        • Create Isopluvials (i.e. rain contours) from RFCD rain gauges. Compare to the NOAA Atlas Design Storm. (Vinay Virupaksha and Nanda Venkatesh)
        • Link RFCD DDMS software to ArcGIS using ModelBuilder (Chris, Tahmineh, Rob - Wright Engineers)
        • ArcHydro Data Model
      2. Geotechnical
        • Conversion of NRCS Soils Data (SSURGO) into ArcGIS Geodatabase
      3. ESRI Niche
        • Get paid several ways doing the same thing: 1) get a project to build a model, 2) incorporate that model into the software and resale, 3) provide training how to use the model, and 4) use the findings from the project with another entity/agency/company and get paid to do the same thing.
        • Drainage Niche - 1) get paid doing drainage review for Nye, Lincoln and Clark Counties, 2) do drainage studies for private developers, 3) develop programs such as DDMS or the Chris Stone method for RFCD or other agencies, 4) provide training how to use the programs/software, 5) build GIS layer of the facilities being designed in the drainage studies for RFCD or other agencies, 6) provide a call before you dig program, 7) be the permitting process expert for the County - paid by other consultants to share how to do things faster, and 8) be an expert witness for drainage law.
      4. Land Development
        • Unify Land Use codes for Southern Nevada
        • Convert Bond Estaments into MasterFormat
        • Call Before You Dig Internet Mapping Application
        • Identify Vacant Parcels and Future BLM Parcels to be Auctioned. (Scott, Scott, Joe, and Joe)
        • 3D Map UNLV building footprints, Research Surveying Documents of Finish Floor Elevations
        • Identify Ideal Properties for Investment
          • Ideal Properties have the following characteristics
            • Low Purchase Price
              • Methodolgy
                • Need to compare with other properties, need a rule of thumb such as price per square foot, need to know the asking/selling price
                • Query loan amounts, find actual selling price, not the same as recorded by the Assessor.
            • Low cost to Improve or civilize
              • Utilities in close proxmity, Conforming Zone Change, In a flood zone or wash?
              • Any future Public Works projects (build roads, flood control)
            • High Resale Value, Marketability, Satisfy a Need/Demand
            • Adequate Parcel Size
              • Methodology - query parcel size, also identify all adjacent vacant properties - merge several smaller parcels into one large one thus increasing the options to develop. Economy of Scale - 1 acre parcel might not pencil out but a 10 acre parcel will, high the quantity lower the unit cost.
          • Case Study - what worked, what did
          • what is the competition doing? Does another successful company like KB Homes do the same thing?
          • Pioneer, new idea?
          • What is the target? What are the investors looking for? Seems if you focus on the money, that is will buy any property which will be easy to resell for more money, its like gambling, or putting the cart before the horse, purchase on speculation. Instead, of focusing on the niche or business.
          • Becker Realty Corp
            • 50 S. Jones Blvd, Suite 101, Las Vegas NV 89107, Fax: 702-870-1228
            • Barry Becker, Jr. Email: barrybeckerjr@beckerrealty.net, Voice: 702-870-0212 x6552, Mobile: 702-497-9532
            • Randy Becker, Email: rbecker@beckerrealty.net, Voice: 702-870-0212 x6522, Mobile: 702-497-3040
            • Kevin McKinley, Email: kevinmckinley@beckerrealty.net, Voice: 702-870-1227 x6539, Mobile: 702-528-4363
          • Zone Engineering. Civil Engineering and Land Development. 50 S Jones Blvd, Suite 202. Las Vegas NV 89107.
            • Dubernia "Toot" Bales, PE with Zone Engineering. Voice: 702-877-3005, Fax: 702-877-3007 Mobile: 702-379-7474, Email: tootbales@zoneengineering.com
            • Chi Seto, Email: cseto@zoneengineering.com
      5. Utilities
        • Subsurface Utility Engineering (SUE)
        • Create a single ArcGIS Geodatabase of any of the following utilities
          • Map of the Kern River Gas Transmission Company
          • Map of SNWA or LVVWD water lines showing 3D profile (Kimberly Lowe, Kelly Wilson and Sunshine Woods)
          • Map of Southwest Gas Lines
          • Map of Cox Cable lines
          • Map of Embarq Phone Lines
        • Create a single ArcGIS Geodatabase of all Southwest Gas line
        • Implement ArcGIS Schematics Extension for Street Lights and Gas Lines
      6. Water Systems (waste, potable/drinking, and storm)
      7. Transportation
        • Create a single ArcGIS Geodatabase of all Traffic Signals
        • Clark County School District Attendence Zones, Busing Zones, and Bus Routes (Naveen Veeramisti and Ancila Kaiparambil)
        • Map of Interconnect/FAST conduit lines and Existing/Proposed Traffic Signals (Vidhya, Avinash)
        • Map of streets lights and electrical loadings
        • Vehicle Routing - determine the shortest path
        • How to Prevent Tagging/Graffiti/Vandelism on Highways Counter Measures (Geetha Isukapalli and Anil Puli)
        • Identify Crashes within Clark County by Age, Time and Type (Ahmad "Ed" Kouhpaenejad, Xuecai "Danny" Xu and Xin Li)
      8. Software Development
      Spring 2007 Term Projects
      Team Members Term Project Paper Term Project Presentation
      Rob Hansen, Chris Parker and Tahmineh Zenhari Parcel Curve Number Assignment Using ArcGIS 9.1 Download
      Geetha Isukapalli and Anil Puli Mapping NDOT Traffic Counts Download
      Ed Ahmad Kouhpaenejad, Xuecai Xu and Xin Li Analysis of Crash Distribution in Clark County Download
      Kayli Barber, Shaun Boulton, Richard Robinson and Cassandra Watson FEMA Flood Zones and LOMRs Download
      Kimberly Lowe, Kelly Wilson, Kevin Graves and Sunshine Woods Analysis of Septic Tanks in Relation to Sewer Lines Located in Clark County Download
      Mike Cunningham, Luis Suarez, Lynden Koboyashi, and Alex Kalawe Create existing and proposed storm drains in Southern Nevada, identify cost of future facilities Download
      Scott Braddell, Joe Cetrulo, Scott Maxfield, and John Rescober Identify Vacant Parcels and Future BLM Parcels to be Auctioned Download
      Ivana Barajas, Ty Nelson, Tom Cirrinicione, and Dustin Croft Analyze the water table depth in Southern Nevada Download
      Feng Pan and Bryan Glenn Reproduce Digital FIRM Panels Download
      Vinay Virupaksha and Nanda Venkatesh Create Isopluvials from RFCD rain gauges. Compare to the NOAA Atlas Design Storm Download
      Naveen Veeramisti, Ancila Kaiparambil, Vidhya Kumaresan and Avinash Kaiparambil Map of Interconnect/FAST conduit lines and Existing/Proposed Traffic Signals and Internet Mapping using MapGuide Download

      Term Project Titles

      Analyze the water table depth in Southern Nevada

      • Action Items by Partner
        • Instructor Jensen
          • Obtain Well data from SNWA (see Casey Collins)
        • All members
          • Learning ArcGIS 9 3D Analyst Virtual Campus
          • Learning ArcGIS 9 Spatial Analyst Virtual Campus
          • Getting Started with Surface Analysis using ArcGIS Spatial Analyst
        • Ivana Barajas
        • Ty Nelson
        • Tom Cirrinicione
        • Dustin Croft

      FEMA Flood Zones and LOMRs

      • Action Items by Partner
        • Instructor Jensen
          • Obtain Flood Zone and LOMR GIS layers from CCRFCD
        • All members
        • Kayli Barber
        • Shaun Boulton
        • Richard Robinson
        • Cassandra Watson

      Identify Vacant Parcels and Future BLM Parcels to be Auctioned

      • Action Items by Partner
        • Instructor Jensen
        • All members
          • Virtual Campus on Queries
          • Introduction to Urban and Regional Planning Using ArcGIS 9
          • Turning Data into Information Using ArcGIS 9
          • Understanding GIS Queries
        • Scott Braddell
        • Joe Cetrulo
        • Scott Maxfield
        • John Rescober
      • Action Items by Partner
        • Instructor Jensen
        • All members of Robert Hansen Team
          • Editing Spatial Data in ArcMap: Tips and Tricks
          • Geoprocessing with ArcGIS Desktop
          • Research ModelBuilder
          • Spatial Analysis of Geohazards Using ArcGIS 9
        • Robert Hansen
        • Chris Parker
        • Tahmineh Zenhari
        • Wishlist items
          • will it work on Microsoft Vista
          • can StormPro export the HGL as DXF?
          • document which Visual FoxPro database fields are calculated by DDMS and which fields are inputs
          • obtain source code for UNLV, Clark County and RFCD
          • Link HEC-1 hydrology to StormPro
          • Create AutoCAD table of concentration points
          • HEC-RAS input
          • Standard Form 4 printout
          • Create a surface of old NOAA rainfall data
          • Create isopullivals
          • Create a surface from rainfall collected by RFCD
          • Add surface from NOAA Atlas 14
          • Rational Method for entire County

      Map of SNWA or LVVWD water lines showing 3D profile

      Analyze Feasibility of Septic Tanks Connecting to Public Sewer System

      • Action Items by Partner
        • Instructor Jensen
          • Provide GIS layer of all existing septic tanks in Clark County
          • Provide GIS layer of Clark County Water Reclaimation District sewer lines
          • Provide GIS layer of City of North Las Vegas sewer lines
        • All members
          • Editing Spatial Data in ArcMap: Tips and Tricks
          • Geoprocessing with ArcGIS Desktop
          • Spatial Analysis of Geohazards Using ArcGIS 9
          • Create 3D shapefile
        • Kimberly Lowe
        • Kelly Wilson
        • Sunshine Woods
        • Kevin Graves

      How to Prevent Tagging/Graffiti/Vandelism on Highways Counter Measures

      • Action Items by Partner
        • Instructor Jensen
          • Street Centerline to identify NDOT highways
        • All members
          • Editing Spatial Data in ArcMap: Tips and Tricks
          • Geoprocessing with ArcGIS Desktop
          • Spatial Analysis of Geohazards Using ArcGIS 9
        • Geetha Isukapalli
        • Anil Puli

      Identify Crashes within Clark County by Age, Time and Type

      • Action Items by Partner
        • Instructor Jensen
        • All members
          • Editing Spatial Data in ArcMap: Tips and Tricks
          • Geoprocessing with ArcGIS Desktop
          • Spatial Analysis of Geohazards Using ArcGIS 9
        • Ahmad "Ed" Kouhpaenejad
        • Xuecai "Danny" Xu
        • Xin Li

      Create existing and proposed storm drains in Southern Nevada, identify cost of future facilities

      • Action Items by Partner
        • Instructor Jensen
          • Obtain storm drain layer from Hui at Clark County
          • Bond estimates
        • All members
        • Mike Cunningham
        • Tim Piparo
        • Lynden Koboyashi
        • Alex K

      Reproduce Digital FIRM Panels

      Create Isopluvials (i.e. rain contours) from RFCD rain gauges. Compare to the NOAA Atlas Design Storm.

      Map of Interconnect/FAST conduit lines and Existing/Proposed Traffic Signals

      • Action Items by Partner
        • Instructor Jensen
          • Provide GIS layer of Signalized Intersections in Clark County (see GIS Data CCPW section of this agenda)
          • End Results
            • use GIS to manage the existing and proposed FAST/Interconnect Conduit installed by private development and public improvement projects.
            • Provide maps showing the progress and status of development of the FAST system.
            • Show which traffic signals are connected to the system.
            • Assist Call Before You Dig to reduce damage to existing infrasture
          • Setup meeting with Tom Wolch with RTC FAST
          • Show how to research Clark County Development Services Document Imaging (known as KoVIS) for plans which have constructed FAST Interconnect Conduit. (see Clark County Development Services - Civil Engineering Division GIS Data for CCDS)
          • Identify what attributes to collect (e.g. Size of Conduit, Conduit Material, what wires are in the conduit, existing or proposed facility)
        • All members
          • Tasks
            • Research Plans at Clark County
            • Create Geodatabase
            • Internet Maping with MapGuide
          • Research how to Create a Geodatabase using ArcCatalog
          • ESRI Virtual Campus - Basics of the Geodatabase Data Model
          • ESRI Virtual Campus - Creating, Editing and Managing Geodatabases for ArcGIS 9
        • Vidhya Kumaresan
        • Avinash Kaiparambil
        • Naveen Veeramisti
        • Ancila Kaiparambil

      Internet Mapping using MapGuide

      • Action Items by Partner
        • Instructor Jensen
          • Project Status Meeting - 27 Feb 2007 8:30pm
        • All members
        • Vidhya Kumaresan
        • Avinash Kaiparambil
        • Naveen Veeramisti
        • Ancila Kaiparambil

      Clark County School District Attendence Zones, Busing Zones, and Bus Routes

      • Action Items by Partner
        • Instructor Jensen
        • All members
               

      Term Project Weekly Homework

      1. Class #1
        • none
      2. Class #2
        • Email members of your team for the class project with the subject of the term project
      3. Class #3
        • Email a very brief (1-2 sentences) description of the Term Project
      4. Class #4
        • none
      5. Class #5
        • none
      6. Class #6
        • none
      7. Class #7
      8. Class #8
      9. Class #9
        • none
      10. Class #10
        • none
      11. Class #12
      12. Class #13
        • none
      13. Class #14
        • none
      14. Class #15
        • none
      15. Class #16
        • none
      16. Class #17
        • none
      17. Class #18
        • none
               

      Quizes on Textbook Reading Assignment

      • Hands on quiz - classroom demonstration of GIS concept/command
      • Quiz based on topic in reading assignment
      • Student will be randomly selected at the beginning of each class
      • Student will be quized 2 times during the semester
      • Example Quiz Question - How do you add features/layers to the ArcMap map display? Answer: 1) click the Add Data button or 2) File -> Add Data...

      How To Remember What You Just Read

      • "Before you read it, skim it. Read the headings, look at the graphs or illustrations, get a sense of the material." [Crook 92, p. 111]
      • "Based on your survey, formulate some questions about the material you are about to read. If there are questions at the end of the chapter, read through them before you start reading the text." [ibid]
      • "Read the text." [ibid]
      • "If appropriate, go back and highlight or underline the important sections." [ibid]
      • "Review the text." [ibid]

      How to use Excel to Randomly select a student to take the quiz

      • Step 0. Ensure the Analysis ToolPak feature is enabled (Tools -> Add-Ins... -> Analysis ToolPak)
      • Step 1. Copy the table of student names from this page and paste into Excel at cell B1.
      • Step 2. Delete all rows without a student name.
      • Step 3. Assign an id value, 1 to 32 in the A field
      • Step 4. Type the following formula (shown in bold) in cell G1. =RANDBETWEEN(1,32)
      • Step 5. Type the following formula (shown in bold) in cell H1. =VLOOKUP(G1,A1:B32,2)
      • Step 6. Press F9 key to refresh the random generation. Cell H1 should have the random student who will step to the front of the class and demonstrate the solution to the quiz problem.
      • Note, could also using a stop watch which shows the hundredth of a second. Multiply this value to the total number of students and round. This value is the randomly select a student.
      • Instructors version of Randomly selecting a student for the quiz, RandomStudentsQuiz.xls
      • Alternative method of randomly selecting student using ArcMap, RandomStudentsQuiz.mdb, RandomStudentsQuiz.mxd
      • Reference: Standard Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Materials, ASTM D3665-02

      Getting To Know ArcGIS Desktop Quiz Questions

      • Chapter 3
        1. How do you rename a layer within ArcMap table of contents? (see p. 25)
        2. How do you pan, zoom in/out, and go back to previous extent? (see p. 25-27)
        3. How do you identify features in the ArcMap Map Display area? (see p. 28)
        4. How do you zoom to a layers extent? (see p. 33)
        5. How do you create and use spatial bookmarks? (see p. 36)
        6. How do you measure distances in the ArcMap Map Display area? (see p. 38)
        7. How do you select records in the attribute table and clear those selected records? (see p. 44)
        8. How do you sort ascending/descending of records in the attribute table? (see p. 45)
        9. How do you view statistics on the attribute table? (see p. 46)
      • Chapter 4
        1. How do you browse map data in ArcCatalog? (see p. 47, 49, 53)
        2. How do you preview spatial data in ArcCatalog? (see p. 55)
        3. How do you preview tabular data in ArcCatalog? (see p. 58)
        4. How do you add data from ArcCatalog to ArcMap? (see p. 69, 77-79)
      • Chapter 18
        1. How do you open a map template (.mxt) and save as a map document (.mxd)? (see p. 462, 464)
        2. How do you pan in ArcMap Layout (tip need to use Layout toolbar no the Tools toolbar)? (see p. 465)
        3. How do you add a graticule to the ArcMap data frame? (see p. 467)
        4. How do you add x,y data to a map? (see p. 469-472)
        5. How do you draw graphics on a layout? (see p. 474-476)
      • Chapter 19
        1. Chapter 5
          1. How do you change marker symbols for a point feature? (see p. 91, 111-114)
          2. How do you change the line symbol for a line/arc feature? (see p. 102-105)
          3. How do you make any feature 50% transparent? (see p. 125)
          4. How do you make Thematic (Choropleth) map? (see p. 95-100)
        2. Chapter 9
          1. How do you query the attribute table in ArcMap? (hint, Select by Attributes, see p. 249)
          2. How do you zoom to the spatial features selected from the attribute table? (see p. 251)
          3. Cardinality is the relationship between tables. There are 4 types. What type is discussed in the textbook? The other 3 are: One-to-One, Many-to-Many, and Many-to-One. (see p. 227)
          4. The common attribute (also known as the primary key or relate item) is required to match records between two seperate tables? (True or False)? (see p. 226)
          5. A table JOIN appends attributes/fields from one table to another. The result is a single table will all the fields from the two tables. How do you perform a table JOIN in ArcMap? (see p. 232-234)
          6. A table RELATE links the attributes/fields from one table to another. The result is still to separate tables but now with the ability to query one table and view the selection in the linked table. How do you perform a table RELATE in ArcMap? (see p. 243-244)
        3. Chapter 6
          1. Using the RTC.mdb geodatabase, PostSpeedLimits line feature class, symbolize the map using all values in the MaxSpeedLimit field, in other words speed limit of 75 mph is assigned one color, speed limit of 65 mph is assigned another color, and so on. Each speed limit should have a unique symbol assigned to it.
          2. Using the RTC.mdb geodatabase, PostSpeedLimits line feature class, create a graduated line symbol using the MaxSpeedLimit field. Use 4 classes and the Natural Breaks (Jenks) classification (see p. 158-164).
          3. From previous question, change the number of classes to 3 and the classification method to Equal Interval (see p. 131, 138)
          4. From previous question, change the classification method to Manual and adjust the break values on the histogram using the mouse and typing in values directly (see p. 147)
          5. Using Census data (cctigerline.mdb, CensusBlocks2000spcsSF1blk feature class) make a pie chart symbol based on population (White and Black field names) (see p. 168-169)
          6. Using Census data (cctigerline.mdb, CensusBlocks2000spcsSF1blk feature class) make a dot density symbol based on population (POP2000 field) (see p. 154-156)
        4. Chapter 8
          1. Show how to query a single feature using the Identify tool? (see p. 198-199)
          2. Show how to make a layer selectable? (see p. 200)
          3. Show how to just view the selected records in the attribute table? (see p. 203)
          4. Show how to clear all features selected? (see p. 204)
          5. Show how to use the Find tool? (see p. 207)
          6. Show how to select features by attribute, for example [strname] = 'Maryland' (see p. 209-214)
          7. Show how to create a report in ArcMap? (see p. 216)
        5. Chapter 10
          1. Using ArcMap, show how to open the 'Select By Location' query? (see p. 264)
          2. Using ArcMap, show how to setup a Definition Query? (see p. 267-268)
          3. Using ArcMap, show how to setup a Spatial Join? (see p. 271-272)
        6. Chapter 11
          1. 'You can simplify data by dissolving a group features with a common attribute value into one feature' (see p. 273). Using ArcToolbox, show how to open the Dissolve tool? (see p. 277-278)
          2. Using ArcMap, show how to create a graph? (see p. 284)
          3. Show the ArcToolbox command to Clip one layer with another? (see p. 291) This is another method to create a subset layer based on the geometry of the clipping layer
          4. Using ArcMap, show how to export features into a new layer? (see p. 297) This is another method to create a subset layer.
          5. Select by Location: select the points which are completely within Book 139 and Section 17 of the TRS
          6. Select by Location: select all the streets which intersect the City of North Las Vegas in the City layer
          7. Select by Location: select the TRS which has the center in the City of Las Vegas
          8. Sample data: Quiz.mdb
        7. Chapter 15 - Creating Features
          1. Using the ArcMap Editor toolbar, show how to start an edit session? (see p. 384)
          2. Using the ArcMap Editor toolbar, show how to select a Tool (e.g. Sketch tool)? (see p. 384)
          3. Using the ArcMap Editor toolbar, show how to select a Task (e.g. Create New Feature)? (see p. 384)
          4. Using the ArcMap Editor toolbar, show how to select a Target layer? (see p. 384)
          5. Using the ArcMap Editor toolbar, show how to turn on/off Snapping? (see p. 387-388)
                 

        GIS Tutorial Workbook Homework

        1. Class #1
          • none
        2. Class #2
          • none
        3. Class #3
          • none
        4. Class #4
          • Email map of Tutorial 1 Exercise 1-1
          • Email map of Tutorial 1 Exercise 1-2
          • Email the data document for Exercise 1-1 and 1-2
        5. Class #5
          • Email map for Exercise 2-1 as pdf
          • Email map for Exercise 2-2 showing just the city of Pittsburg zoom extent as pdf
          • Email answer to the two questions at the end of Exercise 2-2
        6. Class #6
          • Email map for Exercise 3-1 as pdf
          • Email map for Exercise 3-2 as pdf
        7. Class #7
          • Email map for Exercise 4-1 as pdf
          • Email map for Exercise 4-2 as pdf
          • GIS Tutorial 4 Hints
          • Due on 20 March 2007
        8. Class #8
          • Email map for Exercise 5-1 as pdf
          • Email map for Exercise 5-2 as pdf
          • GIS Tutorial 5 Hints
          • Due on 20 March 2007
        9. Class #9
          • none
        10. Class #10
          • none
        11. Class #12
          • Email map for Exercise 6-1 as pdf
          • Email map for Exercise 6-2 as pdf
          • GIS Tutorial 6 Hints
          • Due on 10 April 2007
        12. Class #13
          • Email map for Exercise 7-1 as pdf
          • Email map for Exercise 7-2 as pdf
          • GIS Tutorial 7 Hints
          • Due on 17 April 2007
        13. Class #14
          • Email map for Exercise 8-1 as pdf
          • Email map for Exercise 8-2 as pdf
          • GIS Tutorial 8 Hints
          • Due on 24 April 2007
        14. Class #15
          • Email map for Exercise 9-1 as pdf
          • Email map for Exercise 9-2 as pdf
          • GIS Tutorial 9 Hints
          • Due on 1 May 2007
        15. Class #16
          • none
        16. Class #17
          • none
        17. Class #18
          • none
                 

        GIS Tutorial Workbook

        Table of Contents

        Guest Speakers

        • Call Before You Dig by Underground Service Alert (USA North)
          • Don Heyer, Operations and Public Relations Manager
          • Address: 4090 Nelson Avenue Suite A, Concord CA 94520-1232.
          • Voice: 925-798-9504 x4. Mobile: 702-595-7919. Fax: 925-798-1683. Email: dheyer@usan.org
          • Member of the Common Ground Alliance
        • Southern Nevada Water Authority (SNWA)
          • Judy Brandt, GIS Analyst, Groundwater Resources Department, Data Resources Division. Voice 702-862-3727, email Judy.Brandt@snwa.com
        • McCarran International Airport
          • Majed A. Khater, Ph.D., AIA
          • PO Box 11005, Las Vegas NV 89111-1005
          • Voice: 702-261-2348, Mobile: 702-283-0755, Fax: 702-261-3755
          • Email: mak@mccarran.com
        • Freeway and Arterial System of Transportation (F.A.S.T.)
          • Thomas E. Wolch, PE
          • Principal ITS Traffic Engineer
          • Freeway and Arterial System of Transportation
          • 4615 W. Sunset Road
          • Las Vegas NV 89118
          • Voice: 702-432-5300, Mobile: 702-208-3475, Fax: 702-432-5302
          • Email: wolcht@rtcsnv.com
        • Las Vegas Valley Water District
          • Laura B. Jacobsen, PE - Manager, Planning Division LVVWD Resources Dept. Voice: 702-258-3186, Fax: 702-822-8351, Email: laura.jacobsen@lvvwd.com
          • Jason Ghadery, Assistant Civil Engineer, Engineering Services Division. Voice: 702-822-8394, Fax: 702-258-7193, Email: jason.ghadery@lvvwd.com
        • Bureau of Reclamation
          • Ron Simms, GIS Administrator, Email: rsimms@lc.usbr.gov
          • Douglas B. Blatchford, PE, River Operations Group Manager, Lower Colorado Region, Voice: 702-293-8190, Mobile: 702-528-4064, Email: dblatchford@lc.usbr.gov
        • Nellis Air Force Base
          • Roger Clarke, Geospatial Information Manager. Email: Roger.Clarke@nellis.af.mil Voice: 702-652-4681. 99 CES/CECT 6020 Beale Ave Nellis AFB, NV 89191
        • Clark County School District
          • Ted Carrasco, Geographic Information System Manager. Voice: 799-6410x217, Fax: 799-5436, Email: carrata@interact.ccsd.net
        • Southern Nevada Health District
          • Daniel LaRubio, Jr. PE - Environmental Health Engineer/Supervisor (Dennis Campbell is his supervisor). Voice: 702-759-0660, Fax: 702-383-1445, Email: larubio@snhdmail.org
          • Mark Silverstein, Senior Planner with Clark County Air Quality and Environmental Management, Voice: 702-455-4728, Email: silverstein@co.clark.nv.us - working
        • UNLV Information Science Research Institute (ISRI)
          • Thomas A. Nartker, Ph.D. - Director ISRI, Professor Computer Science
            4505 Maryland Pkwy
            Box 454021
            Las Vegas NV 89154-4021
            Voice: 702-895-3338, Fax: 702-895-1183
            e-mail: tom@cs.unlv.edu
          • Kazem Taghva, Ph.D. - Technical Director ISRI, Professor Computer Science
            Voice: 702-895-0873, Fax: 702-895-1183
            e-mail: taghva@isri.unlv.edu

        Section 2: ArcGIS Instructor Materials

        Introduction, Location, Software, Expectations, & Learning Objectives
        Grading
        Term Projects
        Student Email & Seating
        ESRI Virtual Campus Access Codes
        GIS Tutorial Workbook
        Reading Assignments and Quizes
        ArcGIS Creationism
        Class 1: Tuesday 17 Jan 2006   homework
        Class 2: Tuesday 24 Jan 2006   homework
        Class 3: Tuesday 31 Jan 2006   homework
        Class 4: Tuesday 7 Feb 2006   homework
        Class 5: Tuesday 14 Feb 2006   homework
        Class 6: Tuesday 21 Feb 2006   homework
        Class 7: Tuesday 28 Feb 2006   homework
        Class 8: Tuesday 7 Mar 2006   homework
        Class 9: Tuesday 14 Mar 2006   homework Holiday - Spring Break (Mar 12-18) for UNLV
        Class 10: Tuesday 21 Mar 2006   homework
        Class 11: Tuesday 28 Mar 2006   homework
        Class 12: Tuesday 4 April 2006   homework
        Class 13: Tuesday 11 April 2006   homework
        Class 14: Tuesday 18 April 2006   homework
        Class 15: Tuesday 25 April 2006   homework
        Class 16a: Tuesday 2 May 2006   Term Project Presentations (1 of 2): Study (a.k.a. Dead) Week
        Class 16b: Thursday 4 May 2006   Term Project Presentations (2 of 2): Study (a.k.a. Dead) Week
        Class 17: Tuesday 9 May 2006 at 8:10pm  Final Exam
        References
        Sources of GIS data
        GIS data
        Miscellaneous materials

        CEG 468/668 Group Seating Assignment

        ArcGIS Creationism: How to create features in ArcGIS

        • ArcGIS vector model implementations
          • ArcInfo Coverages
          • ArcView Shapefiles
          • ArcGIS Geodatabases
        • Vectors
          • Points
            • Point Events
            • 3D Point Features (stored in shapefiles and geodatabases, created in ArcMap not ArcScene)
          • Lines/Arcs
          • 3D Line Features (Z values at vertices, stored in shapefiles and geodatabases, know its a 3D feature because Shape Field in the attribute table will contain Z, e.g. Polyline Z)
          • Polygons
          • 3D Polygon Features (Z values at vertices, stored in shapefiles and geodatabases)
        • Raster/Grid Surfaces
        • TIN Surfaces
        • Tabular Data/Tables
          • Geodatabase (create using ArcCatalog)
            • Table within Geodatabase
            • Feature Classes (arcs, points, polygons)
              • Create Point features from .tab or .csv files (ArcCatalog Contect Menu, Create Feature Class -> From XY Table...)
        • Map Elements
          • Text
          • Graphics
        • Map Documents (.mxd)
        • Map Templates (.mxt)
        • ArcScene Documents (.sxd)
        • ArcGlobe Documents (.3dd)
        • Annotation
        • Route/Topology
        • Geocoding Service
        • References
                 

        Class 1: Tuesday, 17 Jan 2006

        Class Introduction

        • Discuss Course of Study/Syllabus
        • ESRI Virtual Campus Signup
        • Request College of Engineering student account
        • Class Project Appointments

        GIS Process

        • Identify the Problem - creativity
          • Does the problem have any lists (database) and spatial compentents (maps)? If yes, then use GIS.
        • Aquire or Create the Data - tends to be the most time consuming
        • Know the Tools - primary objective of this course
          • Analyze - most enjoyable
          • Report Findings

        Software Tour

        • ESRI ArcView, ArcEditor, ArcInfo
        • ArcMap - Map Display, Table of Contents, Toolbars
        • ArcCatalog - Catalog Tree, Catalog Display, Toolbars
        • ArcToolbox - run old ArcInfo workstation programs, being incorporate in ArcCatalog in future release
                 

        Class 2: Tuesday, 24 Jan 2006

        Guest Speaker: none

        Class working directory

        • c:\esri\ceg468 (use in both A311 & B367 lab)
        • share the folder (windows explorer, right mouse click on folder and select Sharing and Security..., Sharing tab then click the Share this folder option
        • Copy contents of the Getting to Know ArcGIS textbook CD to c:\temp\ceg468\GTKArcGIS

        The GIS 4 Step Solution Process

        • Step 1: Identify Problem
        • Step 2: Create or Acquire Data
        • Step 3: Perform Analysis
        • Step 4: Present Results

        Overview of GIS

        • Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
        • '"Geographic information system" means a collection of computer hardware, software and data that is used for the collection, management, manipulation, analysis and display of information that includes a positional component.' (Nevada Administrative Code, NAC 625.795 4a)
        • Basically just a database linked to a map that allows one to perform spatial queries/analysis. For example, in databases such as Microsoft Access, a form is used to input and display data. The query connects the form to the database. The data isn't stored in the form. So in ArcGIS, the form would be ArcMap and the database is Microsoft Access (known as the GeoDataBase, GDB). In Autodesk Land Development, the database is the points file, alignment, etc. and the form is AutoCAD.
        • "Any geographic information system should be capable of six fundamental operations in order to useful for finding solutions to real-world problems. A GIS should be able to Capture data, Store data, Query data, Analyze data, Display data, and Output data" (ESRI Virtual Campus-Basics of ArcGIS, Lesson 1: Introducing a GIS, What can a GIS do?)

        GIS Tabular Data

        1. Flat files
          • Simple ASCII text files, whether columnar, tab (.tab) or comma delimited (.csv)
        2. Relational Database Management Systems (RDMS)
          • Use of a relate item (known as a primary key) to link separate tables together
          • Objective is to limit duplicate field entries by using an ID and lookup table (a.k.a. switchboard)
          • Use the write once principal - data is stored in one record, then linked into other tables.
        3. Object Database
          • Basically any data that is embedded in the file, example is AutoCAD drawings-attributes stored within file.

        GIS Data Types/Features

        1. Points
          • Represents a single place on a map, such as a fire hydrant
          • A single coordinate pair is used to identify the location.
          • Point features have clear boundaries or distinction between other features
          • Use point features if your data is countable
        2. Lines/Arcs/Polyline
          • Represents a linear feature, such as a street centerline.
        3. Polypolylines/Routes
          • A single feature that includes two or more polylines, such as a bus route
          • Just a convenient way to group related polylines into one map feature so that they can be selected or linked to a database as a single entity
          • Known as Dynamic Segmentation in ArcInfo
        4. Polygons
          • A feature that encloses an area, a boundary, such as the State of Nevada.
          • 3D Polygon Features - stores Z values in a shapefile or geodatabase
        5. Polypolygons/Multipart Features
          • Map feature consisting of two or more polygons that is treated as a single map feature (multiple noncontiguous areas), such as the State of Hawai'i which consists of several islands. Known as Multipart Features in ArcGIS, Polypolygons in Autodesk MapGuide, MPolygons in AutoCAD Map.
        6. Regions
          • Composite polygons (hybrid of polygons and layers)
          • Implemented in ArcInfo, similar to polypolygons (supports noncontiguous areas) but more powerful
          • Allows for overlapping polygons (e.g. spatial index of construction projects or showing the boundary of a country over time)
          • Nested features are supported, that is polygons within polygons, for example counties within a state.
          • See ESRI Article Number 23404 How to Create a region or boundary map with no internal boundaries in ArcMap.
          • See ESRI Article Number 21381 How to Create donut polygons from existing features in ArcMap
        7. Text/Annotation
          • Labels that appear on maps
          • Tend not to have any attributes or location associated with it directly
          • Annotation is typically text but can also be any graphic element that annotates your map (e.g. lines, circles, and polygons).
          • Dynamic Text/Labels- labels generated from a database. Autodesk LDD and Map and AutoCAD block attributes do this.
          • Static Text- labels places by hand. Called annotation by ESRI. AutoCAD TEXT command.
          • Feature-Linked Annotation- have the control of static text, but also if the feature (e.g. fire hydrant) is deleted, label is also deleted (e.g. fire hydrant number). Used by ESRI
        8. Raster Images
          • Matrix/Grid of pixels, identify by rows and columns
          • Opposite of vector drawings
          • A pixel/cell contains a single value
          • Example, aerial photos
          • Use if data varies continuously across an area, not countable. Example temperature, rainfall, elevation.
        9. Map Elements (a.k.a. map objects, map components)
          • Used in map layouts/paperspace for final presentation, instead of analysis like data view/modelspace.
          • Title of Map - should be easy to see and reflect the map's purpose
          • North Arrow - used to orient the map to the world. Size of north arrow should not be so large that it diverts attention from the map body. Known Bug: The north arrow and other graphic elements shift positions in the layout, see ESRI Article ID 25845
          • Legend - used to help the reader interpret the map body
          • Scale bar - used to relate the size of objects on the map to the real world. Typically located on the bottom of the map and can be represented as a verbal scale (1"=40') or a representative fraction (1:480)
          • Borders and neatlines - borders are used around the data frame and neatlines highlight the map elements.
          • Inset Maps - also known as Overview/Index/Vicinity/Key maps and are used to identify the location of the map body (data frame) a larger portion of the world.
          • Marginalia (mar'gi'na'lia)- any supporting elements on a map that help the reader interpret the map
        10. Paperspace/Layouts vs. Modelspace/Data Views
          • Modelspace- scale of objects are 1:1, drawn at actually size. Can think of the modelspace like the body of a document. "Data View is the all-purpose viewing option for exploring, displaying, querying, editing, and analyzing data." [ESRI Virtual Campus - Presenting Data in ArcGIS Lesson 1: Making maps in ArcMap]
          • Layouts- virtual page upon which you place and arrange data frames/viewports and map elements. The objects are scaled to fit on paper. Engineers typically use scale of 1"=40'. Can think of the Layout as the header/footer section in a document, watermarks, page numbers, etc. "The Layout View lets you produce cartographic quality digital and hardcopy maps using the information contained in your data frames, reports, and graphs." [ibid]
          • ArcPlot is similar to Layouts
          • ArcEdit is similar to Modelspace
          • Viewports/Data Frames link the modelspace to the layout
          • Layouts usually contain graphic and map elements
        11. Coordinates
          • X-Y coordinates locate a point in 2D space
          • two types of coordinates systems: geographic (lat/long) and projected (stateplane)
          • Origin is lower lefthand corner of graph, typically begins with 0,0
          • False Origin- used to keep coordinates positive, e.g. Mount Diablo Meridian (MDM) (near San Francisco, CA) is the true origin for State Plane Coordinates but the origin is shifted 8,000,000 meters down (Northing) and 200,000 meters to the right (Easting).
        12. Table Attributes
          • One or more records (rows) with one or more fields (columns)
          • stores the tabular information in a GIS
          • Cell- the intersection of a record/row with a field/column
        References: [Vance 00 p. 115] and [MapGuide R5 p. 91]

        Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop: Chapter 1

        1. Primary ArcGIS Supported Spatial Files
          • ArcView Shapefiles (which consist of 3 separate file types .shp, .shx, & .dbf) only contains one data type. The .shp and .shx store information about the feature geometery, .dbf is a dBase III file format that stores the shapefile's feature attribute table. A fourth file type is the project file (.prj) which stores the shapefile's coordinate system. Database (.dbf) field name can be a max of 10 characters.
          • ArcInfo Coverages (a folder/directory of data) can contain multiple data types, that is a collection of feature classes. When adding an ArcInfo coverage theme, note the folder behind the envelope. Click this to open a single data type.
          • AutoCAD .dwg and .dxf files and MicroStation .dgn files
          • GeoDataBases, GDB (short for geographic database)
            • next-generation coverage
            • geographic information is physically stored inside a DBMS (Microsoft Access .mdb) for a personal geodatabase, that is both spatial and attribute data is stored in one database. Note a single database (.mdb in case of Access) can contain several tables.
            • provides centralized management
            • can use GIS across many applications [ArcGIS White Paper, p. 8]
            • Feature dataset is a group of feature classes that share topology. Use feature datasets when you want to edit different features together. For example, water valves (nodes) and water lines (arcs). Would not use a feature dataset on dissimilar features, for example rivers and streets. All feature classes in the feature dataset must have the same coordinate system.
            • ArcInfo Coverage is similar to a GeoDatabase, can store several data types e.g. polygons, lines, etc.
            • ArcView Shapefile is similar to a Feature Class in a GeoDatabase, can only have one feature type, e.g. points
        2. Map Legend/Table Of Contents (TOC)
          • Primarily used to toogle layers on/off
          • Shows the layers being displayed in ArcMap
          • Shows how layers are organized into data frames
          • Order displayed in TOC is order drawn in the ArcMap - Map Display window. Top layer in TOC is the layer last drawn (on top of all the other layers) in the map display.
          • 3 tabs: Display, Source, and Selection
          • To toogle on/off the table of contents use Menu toolbar: View -> Table of Contents
          • Red exclamation point just before the layer name implies the layer's data source is broken
          • Ctrl Mouse Click will toogle on layers on/off
          • To show/hide contents of a layer's legend: click layer's plus or minus sign in TOC
          • To show/hide contents of a data frame: click data frame's plus or minus sign in TOC
          • ArcGIS Desktop Help: ArcMap -> Getting started with ArcMap -> Using the table of contents
          • Data Frames within the TOC cannot be reordered. See ESRI Article 17570
          • Context Menus - right mouse click on a layer [Ormsby 00, p. 21]
        3. Coordinate Systems
          • X-Y coordinates locate a point in 2D space
          • two types of coordinates systems: geographic (lat/long) and projected (stateplane)
          • Origin is lower lefthand corner of graph, typically begins with 0,0
          • False Origin- used to keep coordinates positive, e.g. Mount Diablo Meridian (MDM) (near San Francisco, CA) is the true origin for State Plane Coordinates but the origin is shifted 8,000,000 meters down (Northing) and 200,000 meters to the right (Easting).
        4. Scale
          • 1:100 implies features on a paper map are 100 times smaller than their true size in the world
          • Ratio between the paper plot (e.g. layout/paperspace) and the real world (e.g. modelspace). In other words "Scale describes the relationship of size on a map to size in reality" (Inside AutoCAD Map 2000, p. 3)
          • Customary to express unitless terms, e.g. 1:5000 where 1 represents one unit on the paper and 5000 is the actual distance on the ground. In USA, often will hear 1"=40' which is really (1:480) and means 1" on the paper map is 40' in the real world.
          • AutoCAD setup, must identify if units are feet or meters. Unable to draw anything that is unitless. Units in a GIS are defined by the projection/coordinate system.
          • 1:1000 read as "one to one thousand", 1=map unit and 1000=real world unit
          • 3 variables: paper size, project size/limits, and scale.
          • large scale, implies a large ratio, so objects/features on the map appear big, e.g. 1:1 scale
          • small scale, implies a small ratio, so objects/features on the map appear small, e.g. 1:1,000,000
          • scale can refer to the scale of the map or the scale at which the data was digitized (process of tracing paper maps into the computer)
          • Larger the scale, the nearer features are to their actual size
          • USGS Map Scales Fact Sheet
          • 3 Types of Scale in ArcMap: 1) Current Map Scale (shown on the Standard Toolbar), 2) Current Map Reference Scale (Data Frame Properties -> General tab), and 3) Annotation Feature Class Reference Scale. Annotation Scale see ESRI Article ID 22993 How does ArcMap convert labels to annotation dialog box work when creating geodatabase annotation?
          • Current Map Reference Scale is used to set the size of the text. So when you zoom in, text is larger, when you zoom out, text is smaller. When the Reference Scale is blank, the text size remains constant when zooming in/out.
        5. Features
          • have shape, location, attributes, and spatial relationships associated with it.
          • Vector data (Points, Lines, Polygons)
          • GIS links features to attributes
        6. TIN Surfaces
          • Known as Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) in GIS, Digital Terrain Models (DTM) in CAD
          • Data consists of X, Y, and Z points (also known as mass points or nodes) that are connected by lines/triangles which are called Edges, and the area of the triangles is known as faces. [ESRI 3D Analyst, p. 49]
          • TIN will preserve all of the precision of the input data while simultaneously modeling the values between known points. [ESRI 3D Analyst, p. 49]
          • Typically used with for elevations. Assumption is the elevation changes linearly between points
          • Used to generate elevation contours and determine cut and fill quantities
        7. Raster Surfaces/GRIDs/Images
          • Grid of evenly sized cells
          • Example is pictures such as aerial photos
          • Use products like Adobe Photoshop, Autodesk CAD Overlay, ER Mapper, and ArcGIS Spatial Analyst Extension.
          • Typically require a method of interpolation to populate cells between known points
            • Spline Interpolation: This general-purpose interpolation method fits a minimum-curvature surface through the input points. Conceptually, this is like bending a sheet of rubber to pass through the points while minimizing the total curvature of the surface. It fits a mathematical function (a minimum curvature, two-diemsional, thin-plate spline) to a specified number of the nearest input points while passing through all input points. This method is best for gradually varying surfaces such as elevations, water-table depths, or pollution concentrations. It is not appropriate when there are large changes within a short horizontal distance because it can overshoot estimated values. [ESRI 3D Analyst, p. 51]
            • Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation: the closer the distance between points, the stronger the influence.
            • Natural Neighbors Interpolation: locally weighted-average interpolation
            • Kriging Interpolation: distance between sample points reflects a spatial correlation which is used to explain variations in the surface. Most appropriate when you know there is a spatially correlated distance in the data, often used in soil science and geology. [ESRI 3D Analyst, p. 51]
            • Trend Interpolation: least-squares regression fit which results in a surface that minimizes the variance of the surface in relation to the input values. The resulting surface rarely goes through the input points. [ESRI 3D Analyst, p. 51]
        8. Thematic Maps
          • display of attributes in a map showing certain themes/characteristics
          • Example, use color coding to identify parcel zoning, point symbols to identify survey points (e.g. Point Known (PK) Nail, brass caps, valves, etc.)
          • "Research has shown that the human eye is limited in its ability to decipher differences in colors when they exceed 12 colors in one view" [ESRI Virtual Campus, Learn ArcGIS I, Module 6, Lesson 2, Graphic Perception]
          • "If you decide to use different shades of the same color, be aware that the human eye can decipher no more than seven or eight distinct shades from the available 256 shades of one color." [ESRI Virtual Campus, Learn ArcGIS I, Module 6, Lesson 2, Graphic Perception]
          • Thematic maps fall into two categories: qualitative and quantitative
            • Qualitative- depict different features with different symbols according to some attribute
            • Quantitative- show differences in features' numeric attributes. Classifying or grouping data according to numeric values.
          • Used to display multiple attributes: for example a sewer line, the diameter can be shown by the width of the symbol (also known as proportional symbols) and the material can be displayed by the color. Use Chart symbols to compare more attributes.
        9. Topology
          • Spatial Relationships, also known as Topology. In GIS, every feature knows who its neighbor is (2D) whereas in CAD objects float (3D), that is drawn independent of one another. In GIS you build/clean topology after line/polygons have been drawn. Good paper on topology, see Understanding Topology and Shapefiles by David M. Theobald. Appendix C in the ArcGIS 8.1 White Paper discusses topology in the new geodatabases.
          • "Generally, a CAD system uses lines to draw its features, but cannot tell you about the relationship between those features (their distance apart, the quickest route from one to the other, and so on). A GIS, however, has a built-in intelligence called topology that tracks the relationships between features." [Flynn 97, p. 3]
          • ArcView Shapefiles (.shp, .dbf, & .shx)and AutoCAD Drawings (.dwg) don't support topology. AutoCAD Map, ArcInfo coverages, and its next generation geodatabases all support topology.
          • Tends not to be create automatically. AutoCAD Map use Map -> Topology -> Create (or MAPCREATE from command line). In ArcInfo use BUILD or CLEAN commands.
          • "Topology is a mathematical procedure used to determine feature spatial relationships and properties, including: Connectivity of lines, Direction of lines, Length of lines, Adjacency of areas, and Area definition" (ESRI Virtual Campus-Basics of ArcGIS, Lesson 1: Introducing a GIS, What is a GIS?)

        Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop: Chapter 2

        1. ArcGIS Desktop consists of ArcView, ArcEditor, and ArcInfo
          • ArcView is a subset of ArcEditor which is a subset of ArcInfo. Similar to AutoCAD and AutoCAD Map, where AutoCAD Map can do everything AutoCAD can do.
          • Only ArcView is available as a stand-alone seat
          • "ArcView 8 is a powerful GIS data visualization, query, analysis, and map creation solution designed for Microsoft Windows NT/2000. It provides interactive tools for exploring, selecting, displaying, editing, analyzing, symbolizing, and classifying data as well as for automatically creating, updating, and managing metadata." (ESRI Virtual Campus-Basics of ArcGIS, Lesson 2)
          • ArcEditor adds the ability to edit coverages and geodatabases
          • ArcInfo adds additional geoprocessing tools and a full version of ArcInfo Workstation (comprised of ARC, ArcEdit, ArcPlot, INFO, and ARC Macro Language or AML)
          • All 3 types of ArcGIS (i.e. ArcView, ArcEditor, ArcInfo) include these 3 Applications
            • ArcMap Application- used to display and query geographic data on maps and to edit and output data
            • ArcCatalog Application- used to browse/preview geographic data sources and create and update metadata. Basically a Windows Explorer for spatial data.
            • ArcToolbox Application- contains powerful tools for performing geographic analysis and data conversion. Used to change map projections.
          • ArcView Extensions: Network Analyst, 3D Analyst, ArcPress, Geostatistical Analyst, Spatial Analyst, and StreetMap.
          • ArcGIS System consists of ArcGIS Desktop, ArcIMS, and ArcSDE. Won't be covered in this course.

        Exploring ArcMap

        Exploring ArcMap

        [Ormsby 00, Chapter 3]
        • Used to display, analyze, and print maps
        • What an ArcMap application windows consists of
          • Main menu toolbar- pulldown menu, in some cases can be used in replace of icons. Cannot be toggled off.
          • Tools toolbar- pan, zoom icons
          • Standard toolbar- print, save icons
          • Draw toolbar- add graphic elements to map
          • TOC- shows data frame(s) and what layers it contains
          • Map Display
          • Status Bar- displays results of measure tool, informs user when ArcMap is busy (globe is spinning), shows a description of buttons and menu items as you mouse over them.
          • note: toolbars can float or be docked
        • Magnification Window
          • handy feature that allows a closer view of a particular area without changing the data frame's scale
          • From menu toolbar, click Window -> Magnifer...
          • Only works in View -> Data View mode. Option is dimmed/grayed out when in View -> Layout View mode
        • Overview Window
          • creates a separate window that is linked to the map display
          • Shows zoom extent of map display on the full zoom extend in the overview window
          • Used to pan and zoom the map display
          • Must be in Data View mode in ArcMap, else the Window -> Overview... is grayed/dimmed out
          • Not able to print the overview window in a layout, see Article #20204 To create an overview window in a layout, see the online help ArcGIS Desktop Help -> Contents tab -> ArcMap -> Laying out and printing maps -> Adding data frames -> Using on data frame to show the location of another. Will be cover in later sessions of class.
          • Similar to DsViewer command in AutoCAD 14 and later.
        • Spatial Bookmarks
          • Zooms to a define location in the map display
          • 3 ways to create a spatial bookmark
            • From the Main Menu Toolbar click View -> Bookmarks -> Create
            • From the Identify Results dialog box, right-click on the identified feature and click Set Bookmark in the context menu. Bookmark is named after the feature.
            • From the Find dialog box, right-click the Value in the Find Results list and click Set Bookmark in the context menu. Bookmark is named after the feature.
          • To use a spatial bookmark: View -> Bookmarks -> then select name of bookmark
          • To remove a spatial bookmark: View -> Bookmarks -> Manage: Click a bookmark then click remove.
          • Can only be defined on spatial data, can't be defined on an area of the layout page in layout view.
          • Cannot use Spatial Bookmarks on raster layers. See ESRI Article ID 18368
          • See [Ormsby 00, p. 34-35]
        • Attribute Table
          • Right mouse click on the layer name in the TOC to open the context menu, select Open Attribute Table
          • Selecting a record in the table view also selects the map feature is the map display window [Ormsby 01, p. 41]
          • Selecting a map feature in the map display will also select the record in the table view.
          • Can rearrange the order of the fields for display purposes by highlighting the column and dragging. Note this doesn't change the order of fields in the database.
          • To sort the records, right-click on the field name in the attribute table and click Sort Descending or Sort Ascending
          • Field Statistics: right-click on the field name and click Statistics
          • To view in ArcMap, right mouse click on feature attributes in TOC, select Open Attribute Table.
          • composed of records/rows and fields/columns.
          • Values stored in cells.
          • Resize display of field widths by moving over the field heading until the two-headed arrow is displayed.
          • Map features linked to attribute table. Select a record in the table will highlight feature in the map display.
          • Clear Selection
          • Sort Records
          • Statistics of Fields
          • See online help [ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcMap -> Working with tables -> Opening a layer's attribute table]

        Tools Toolbar

        1. Zoom
          • Changes the display scale has shown in the Standard Toolbar (ArcMap Menubar: View -> Toolbars -> Standard)
          • To zoom in click the + magnifier icon in the Tools toolbar. A single click in the map display zooms around a point. Click and drag will create a rectangle to zoom around an area.
          • To zoom out click the - magnifier icon in the Tools toolbar.
          • To zoom to a specific scale in the data frame, type or choose the desired scale on the Standard toolbar.
          • To zoom to the extent of a layer, choose "Zoom to Layer Extent" from the context menu of the layer in the TOC.
          • To zoom to the full extent of a data frame, click the Full Extent button (icon of the world) on the Tools toolbar. If option is grayed out, click View -> Data Frame Properties: Data Frame Tab and check Automatic extent.
          • Continous Zoom/Pan (ArcMap): Tools -> Customize: Commands Tab: Pan/Zoom, in Commands Window drag and drop the "Continuous Zoom and Pan" button onto the Tools toolbar.
          • Continous Zoom/Pan (ArcCatalog): Tools -> Customize: Commands Tab: Geography Category, in Commands Window drag and drop the "Continuous Zoom and Pan" button onto the Tools toolbar.
          • Continous Zoom/Pan: hold right mouse button down and move mouse to zoom in/out
          • Continous Zoom/Pan: hold left mouse button down and move mouse to pan
          • Wheel Mouse Scroll - just rotate the wheel mouse to scroll up/down in ArcMap
          • Wheel Mouse Zoom - hold down Ctrl key while scrolling with mouse to zoom in/out
          • Wheel Mouse Switch between Data View & Layout View - hold down Shift key while rotating wheel mouse to switch views
        2. Select Features
          • white arrow with a square map in the upper right corner
          • Used to select feature in a data frame or in Data View
          • [Ormsby 00, p. 201]
        3. Select Elements
          • icon that has a black arrow
          • Used mainly in Layout View to select map elements (e.g. north arrow, legend, and so on)
        4. Identify Tool
          • use the mouse to perform a spatial query feature attributes
          • Another method to query data
          • Icon found on the Tools toolbar
          • features in all visible layers under the pointer will be identified. Solves issue of overlapping features.
          • Displays all fields with it's values/attributes of the identified feature. Not like Map Tips which only display attributes of one field.
          • Can "flash" the feature in the map display by clicking the name of the feature on the left pane in the Identify Results window.
          • See [Ormsby 00, p. 26-27, 197-200]
        5. Find Tool
          • Another method to query attribute data
          • Results of query are displayed like the Identify Results window
          • [Ormsby 00, p. 207-208]
        6. Measure Tool
          • must select icon on Tools toolbar
          • looks like a ruler with a question mark (?) above it
          • Results of measure in map display are displayed in the status bar
        7. Hyperlink Tool
          • icon that has a yellow lightning bolt on it
          • Need to define hyperlinks before you can use them
          • 2 ways to define hyperlinks: Field-based and Dynamic
          • Use field based hyperlinks instead of manual hyperlinks, see ESRI Article Number 17520.
          • Note if the hyperlink button is grayed out, open the layer properties in the TOC, select Display tab, then check "Support Hyperlinks using field"
          • Cannot use the Hyperlink tool on raster layers. See ESRI Article ID 18368
          • See [Ormsby 00, p. 205] or online help [ArcMap Desktop Help -> ArcMap -> Querying maps -> Displaying a Web page or document about a feature]

        Map Tips

        • allows one to query a single field in a layer by moving the mouse over the feature in the map display.
        • To view map tips, right mouse click on layer name in TOC, select Properties, then Display tab and check 'Show MapTips (uses primary display field)'
        • Map Tips option is disable for shapefiles with the spatial index file is missing (.shx) see ESRI Article ID 20898
        • Some issues on speed when trying to zoom and display map tips at the same time. Basically, ensure your the only one accessing the data.
        • To change the appearance of the map tips, must edit the Windows 2000/XP Tooltip defaults (Control Panel -> Display -> Appearance tab) See ESRI Article ID for details.

        Layers/Themes

        • Transparent overlays
        • Used to organize and group data
        • Used extensively by AutoCAD
        • Concept of Table of Contents/Layer Manager is used to organize layers. Mainly used to turn on/off layers. ArcMap's Table of Contents (TOC) is different from AutoCAD's Layer Manager, TOC can show ArcInfo coverages, shapefile, CAD files etc. Think of it as Layer Manager and XRefs linked together.
        • Order of Display- "top of contents equals top of map"
        • Layers can be any of the following datasets: vectors, raster, tabular and surfaces (Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN)).
        • ArcMap Layers are similiar to AutoCAD External References (x-refs). The data is just linked to ArcMap/AutoCAD.
        • "...collections of geographic objects that are alike" [Ormsby 01, p. 2].
        • Layer files (.lyr) "...are not spatial data sets, but rather instructions for displaying spatial data sets with certain colors, symbol markers, line widths, and so on." [Obrmsby 01, p. 46]. Similiar to a map document, a layer stores the path to the source data and other layer properties, including symbology (see the layer properties through the Layer Properties dialog).
        • Layer files (.lyr) are similar to ER Mapper algorithm files (.alg).
        • ArcMap 8.1: use the source tab in the Table of Contents of ArcMap to view the data sources for the layers. "When the Display tab is active, you can reorder layers but you won't see certain objects, such as stand-alone tables. When the Source tab is active, you can't reorder the layers but stand-alone tables are listed." [ESRI Virtual Campus, Learning ArcGIS II, Module 1, Lesson 1, Displaying Layers]
        • The layer references source data stored on the computer, it is not the source data itself.
        • ESRI Article ID 21486 What information is stored in a layer (.lyr) file? Symbology, symbology classification, labeling properties, scale dependency and definition.
        • ESRI Article ID 31236 Can I use a layer (.lyr) file to create annotation? No, layer (.lyr) cannot be used to create map annotation or feature class annotation.
        • ESRI Article ID 24261 What are dynamic labels? Text created on-the-fly in ArcMap by a labeling expression that is stored in the layer being labeled. The layer can be saved as part of the .mxd or separately as a .lyr file.

        Data Frames

        • A group of layers
        • Similar to AutoCAD view ports
        • Can have multiple data frames, but can only work on the active data frame
        • Can rename a data frame: Method 1: Data Frame Properties, General Tab, name text box. Method 2: click the data frame name once, wait a second, then click again, will have the option to edit the text.
        • Used by ArcMap which requires at least one data frame to exist.

        ArcMap output options

        • Problem - How do we share the results of our ArcMap analysis? What options do we have?
          1. We could make a hardcopy map/plot and mount on some formboard for a presentation. Main problem is distribution/sharing.
          2. We could provide a copy of the map document (.mxd) and associated layers (i.e. geodatabase, shapefiles, coverages, and so on). Problem is not everyone has a copy of ArcMap software.
          3. We could purchase the ArcGIS Publisher extension and convert the map document to a format which can be used by the free ESRI ArcReader program. Problem, the free ArcReader isn't as widely distributed as the free Adobe Acrobat Reader. Also need to learn another software application just for distribution of ArcMap output.
          4. We could use an Internet Mapping application such as Autodesk MapGuide. This option is mainly used to publish data layers, not maps/plots
          5. We could export the map as a graphic, such as TIFF or JPEG file. This is great if publishing on the internet or adding as a figure in Microsoft Word document. Editing is a problem since the image is flattened, vectors and fonts are converted to pixels.
          6. We could export the map as a PDF. This is great for printing, but issues with flexibility such as turning on/off layers and support of transparency by ArcMap isn't available.
        • How do we export a map/plot from ArcMap?
          • ArcMap to PDF issues
            • Problem - ArcMap export to PDF doesn't support layering directly, need to use Adobe Illustrator. Open either the ArcMap exported .ai or .pdf file in Adobe Illustrator and save as .pdf with the include layer option on.
            • ArcMap 9.1 only supports PDF version 1.2 specification. Need PDF version 1.4 specification for support of layers and transparency See ESRI Article ID 22070.
            • ArcMap 9.1 only supports Adobe Illustrator (.ai) version 6 specification. Need .ai version 9 to support exporting layers to PDF and transparency. See ESRI Article ID 22070.
            • Workaround for transparency. For exported maps, transparency can be re-applied to the desired elements in an external editing application such as Adobe Illustrator 9 (see ESRI Article ID 17332)
            • Layers are preserved in the pdf file, cannot be seen in Adobe Acrobat, need to use Adobe Illustrator. All the layers are embedded under Layer 1 layer with the name <Group> .
          • ArcMap to Adobe Illustrator (.ai)
            • "AI files are an excellent format for post-processing in Adobe Illustrator as well as an interchange format for publishing. The ArcMap AI format preserves most layers from the ArcMap table of contents:
              • "Graphics" layer: annotation, labels, and data frame graphic text exported to this layer name within the .ai file
              • "Extras" layer: map surround elements and graphic text elements are exported to this layer name
              • "Extras" layer: raster data is exported to another layer called extras
              • Table of Contents Layer name: all other data layers retain the same layer name as shown in the ArcMap table of contents.
            • See ArcMap help, Layout out and printing maps, Exporting a map
            • ArcMap to Windows Enhanced Metafile (EMF)
              • Issues exporting to EMF with raster images and opening in Adobe Illustrator (AI). To confirm the problem is AI, insert the EMF into a blank ArcMap document in Layout View (Insert > Picture). See ESRI Article ID 17783
          • Flash Video - How to use ArcMap Export Map to create a PDF with layers. ExportMap2PDF-flash.html
          • Flash Video - How to download student version of Autodesk Civil 3D 2007 software DownloadCivil3D.html
          • trash Video - 980x600 trash.html

            GIS Data Formats

            ArcInfo Interchange files (.e00)

              Viewing in ArcCatalog
              • How to View .e00 files (ArcInfo Interchange files) in ArcCatalog
                • Main Menu toolbar: Tools -> Options... File Types tab, New Type... button
                • File extension: e00
                • Description of type: Workstation ArcInfo Interchange Format for Coverages
                • Change Icon... button, select the tree icon
                • OK button
            • How to import .e00 files in ArcCatalog
              • Tools -> Customize... -> Commands tab: ArcGIS 8x Conversion Tools -> Import from Interchange File... (drag and drop onto existing toolbar in ArcCatalog)
              • Navigate in ArcCatalog to the .e00 file
              • select .e00 file in ArcCatalog, then click the newly added Import from Interchange File... button
            • How to import .e00 files in ArcToolbox
              • ArcToolbox -> Coverage Tools -> Conversion -> To Coverage -> Import From Interchange File
              • can also search in ArcToolbox for "e00", then click the Locate button to find the command
              • Example: input file: c:\temp\co32_d00.e00, output file: c:\temp\co32_d00

            Using Excel with ArcGIS

            ArcGIS Overlay Analysis

            How to create a composite Curve Number (CN) using ArcMap

            • Step 0: Obtain the GIS layers
              • Watershed Basins (e.g. RFCD Master Plan Update Basins). Required fields
                • Basin-ID
                • Basin-Area
              • Hydrologic Groups, a Soil Characterists from NRCS SSURGO dataset
                • hydgrpPerA = Percent Hydrologic Group A
                • hydgrpPerB = Percent Hydrologic Group B
                • hydgrpPerC = Percent Hydrologic Group C
                • hydgrpPerD = Percent Hydrologic Group D
                • SSURGO-Area (may need to add this field, define as a Double Type with Precision 14 and Scale 6, then calculate SSURGO-Area = ShapeArea)
              • Land Use from Assessor, Planning, or RFCD
            • Step 1: Overlay Watershed Basins onto NRCS SSURGO
              • Use Intersect tool from the ArcToolbox Overlay Toolset
              • Note, the Intersect tool will use the current selection set, so if you want to analysis the entire layer, must Clear any Select Features.
              • Note, the default ShapeArea field will automatically be updated from the Intersect, so to preserve the area, add a new field Area field prior to the Intersect.
            • Step 2: Dissolve Watershed Basins based on the BasinID and then use the Statistics option to determine the Mean percentage of each hydrologic group. So in a nutshell, Dissolve will remove the NRCS SSURGO polygons and determine the average (i.e. Mean) percentage of each hydrologic group (total percentages should sum to 100%). Thus we a Watershed Basin Polygon with the exact percentages of soil's hydrologic group (e.g. 20% A, 20% B, 20% C, and 40% D)
              • Use the Dissolve tool from the ArcToolbox Overlay Toolset
              • ArcToolboxDissolve.jpg
              • ArcToolboxDissolveTool.jpg
            • Note, recommend ModelBuilder to streamline this analysis.

                     

            Class 2 Homework

            ESRI Virtual Campus: Learning ArcGIS 9

            • Assigned: Module 1 of 8 - Getting Started with ArcGIS. Submit a copy of the module completion certificate, next week.

            Term/Class Project

            • Assigned: Compile a list of ideas on possible class project. Basically provide results of team interview brainstorming with instructors.

            Reading Assignment

            • Assigned: Getting to Know ArcGIS desktop: Chapters 1, 2, and 3
            • Quiz on reading next week

            GIS Tutorial Workbook - Tutorial 1 Exercises - Turn in the following:

            1. Printout of the map for Exercise 1-1.
            2. Printout of the map for Exercise 1-2.
            3. Printout of the data document for Exercise 1-1 and 1-2.

            Classroom ArcView 9.x Homework

                     

            Class3: Tuesday, 31 Jan 2006

            Term Project Interviews

            • After Lecture, see interview schedule

            How to create random x,y,z coordinates using Excel

            • Example - create 1,000 random x,y,z coordinates on the Harry Reid UNLV Research and Technology Park, located between Durango on the west, Cimarron to the east, Patrick to the north, and Sunset to the south (Assessor Book 163 Section 33, Township 21 South Range 60 East Section 33. Using Stateplane coordinates (Nevada East zone, units feet, NAD83 datum and NAVD 88 vertical datum). Easting/X values between 745,500 feet and 749,000 feet. Northing/Y values between 26,727,000 feet and 26,730,300 feet. Elevation/Z values between 2500 feet and 2565 feet.
            • Excel Step 1: label fields/columns
              • ID, X, Y, Z
              • The ID field is just an autonumber of non-repeating values
              • The X field will contain the easting or longitude values
              • The Y field will contain the northing or latitude values
              • The Z field will contain the elevation
            • Excel Step 2: Populate the ID field
              • Type number 1 in cell A2, enter on the keyboard, then select cell A2 with the mouse
              • Edit -> Fill -> Series. Check columns, type = linear, step value = 1, stop value = 1000
            • Excel Step 3: Populate the x, y, z fields with random numbers
              • Type the following formula in field B2: =RANDBETWEEN(745500,749000)
                • This will create a random number between 745500 and 749000 (stateplane coordinate within Las Vegas NV valley)
              • Select cells B2 to B1001
                • F5 to goto cell B1001
                • Shift+End+up arrow to select the column. Use shift down arrow to unselect the X field header name.
                • Edit -> Fill -> Down (or Ctrl+D). This will copy the formula in B2 cell to cells B3 to B1001
              • Type the following formula in field C2: =RANDBETWEEN(26727000,26730300)
                • follow same steps to copy the formula
              • Type the following formula in field D2: =RANDBETWEEN(2500,2565)
                • follow same steps to copy the formula
            • Excel Step 4: Export spreadsheet into text file (.txt or .csv extension) or dBase 4 (.dbf) format
            • Solution: link to download (Excel spreadsheet RandomXYZpointsUNLVresearchpark.xls, comma seperated value file RandomXYZpointsUNLVresearchpark.csv, or dBase 4 file RandomXYZpointsUNLVresearchpark.dbf)
            • Aerial Photo of the Research and Technology Park, photos taken Fall 2005, 5 ft pixels, F0516333.TIF f0516333.tfw F0516333.aux
            • Excel Notes
              • May need to turn on the Tools -gt; Add-Ins... check Analysis ToolPak if RANDBETWEEN function is not working
              • How do you zoom/goto any spreadsheet cell? Use F5 key
              • How do you zoom/goto cell A1 in the spreadsheet? Ctrl+Home
              • How do you scroll to the end of a series? Shift+End+down arrow
              • How do you scroll to the beginning of a series? Shift+End+up arrow
              • How do you refresh the spreadsheet calculation/analysis? F9
             

            Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop: Chapter 4 Exploring ArcCatalog

            ArcCatalog

            • Need to Know
              • Similar to Windows Explorer but for spatial data
              • Catalog Tree- used to browse data sources
                • Recommend viewing file extensions in ArcCatalog, sometimes have problems when downloading files and Windows adding a txt extension on the file. To view file extensions, Tools -> Options -> General tab, uncheck 'Hide file extensions'.
                • Different icons for the file types, e.g. square bumpy icon represents an image.
                • Double-clicking a map document (.mxd) will open in ArcMap.
                • Illustrates the spatial data hierarchy in which its organized.
                • File -> Connect to Folder... (add \\ccgis1\gisdata location to ArcCatalog). Then next time ArcCatalog is open, the connection to \\ccgis1\gisdata will already be done.
                • Add Database Connection to SDE. Database Connections -> Add Spatial Database Connection. Server: ccgis2, Service: port:5151, Database: gismo, User Name: public1, and Password: public1 (inital one-time setup)
              • Contents Tab: items selected in the Catalog Tree will be displayed in the Contents tab. For example, selecting a map document (.mxd) in the Catalog tree will show a thumbnail in the Contents tab.
              • Preview Tab: used to view data in two formats, spatial-Geography View (shows spatial extend of feature) or tabular-Table View (shows feature attributes). If viewing an .mxd file, will see the map layout.
              • Metadata Tab: documentation about the data. Some of the properties of the data are automatically generated and can be viewed in this tab.
              • Used to create a new personal geodatabase. File -> New -> Personal Geodatabase. (Note must have a directory selected in the Catalog Tree as well as have write permissions in that directory).
              • Drag-n-Drop files from ArcCatalog to ArcMap. Another method to add data to ArcMap.
              • Creating new Data (i.e. Table) in ArcCatalog
                • ArcCatalog has the ability to create tables. It doesn't have the ability to edit or input records on these newly created tables (use Microsoft Access or ArcMap)
                • ArcCatalog can only create tables in a GeoDataBase (GDB), both personal and SDE
                • Step 1: from the ArcCatalog tree, right-click the GDB and click New -> Table
                • Step 2: Enter table name
                • Step 3: Add a field to the table: enter field name and data type. Repeat this for all fields
                • Step 4: Add data using Microsoft Access or ArcMap
                • All simple tables in the geodatabase require an ObjectID type field
                • Can use another table as a template, get everything but the data records
                • ArcMap doesn't like Access table names that have a dash "-"
                • Reference: ArcGIS Desktop Help - Contents tab -> Geodatabases -> Creating new items in geodatabases -> Creating tables
              • Add a field in ArcCatalog
                • How to calculate the values of one field to another field in Desktop ArcInfo 8 Article Number 10014
            • Nice to Know
              • Simple query using Identify available in ArcCatalog Preview-Geography Window
              • To find spatial data use the Search Button (magnifying glass on top of a file cabinet) on the Standard toolbar.
              • Location toolbar- can type the path to an item in this text box. Note, this path is added to the location list for quick reference.
              • "When you copy, rename, or delete data sources with ArcCatalog, auxilary files and other data sources that are linked to the datasets are also copied, renamed, or deleted." (see ArcGIS Desktop Help: ArcCatalog -> Managing the Catalog's contents -> Organizing your data -> About organizing your data with ArcCatalog).
              • Deleting a database connection or shortcut doesn't delete the database or the target.
              • View -> Toolbars -> Geography
                • Only available the Preview tab is selected in the Catalog Display window of ArcCatalog
                • Zoom In, Zoom Out, Pan, and Full Extent - work the same as ArcMap
                • Identify
                • Create Thumbnail - zoom into feature, then click the Create Thumbnail button. Now the contents tab shows a sketch of the feature. A thumbnail for a map (.mxd) is stored with the map document. A thumbnail for a layer or data source is store within its metadata.
                • See ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcCatalog -> Exploring an item's geography -> Creating thumbnails
                • See [Hutchinson 04, p. 26] for additional info on ArcCatalog.
              • View file extension in Windows Explorer. Tools -> Folder Options... View tab, uncheck Hide extensions for known file types. Now when browsing folders, full filename is displayed, e.g. junk.txt
              • Universal Naming Convention (UNC), Mapped Network Folders vs. Add Network Places
                • Windows Command Prompt and UNC. Basically CMD doesn't support UNC path. Workaround, pushd \\ccgis1\gisdata (see Article 26901 by John Savill)
                • How to add a Network Place in Windows Explorer, see Microsoft Knowledge Base Article 308416
                • Mapped Network Folders assigns an "... alias-the assigned drive letter-that provides an alternative means of access. In general, drive mapping is obsolete, having been supplanted by improvements in and greater reliance on My Network Places." (see Microsoft Windows XP Inside Out, ISBN: 0735613826, p. 971)
                • Issues sharing ArcMap documents (.mxd) if layer data sources use different alias, i.e. mapped network folders. For example, Admin maps \\ccgis1\gisdata to the O: drive and Design maps it to the M: drive. UNC will solve this problem. Won't solve problem if you just give the .mxd file to another agency.
              • Catalog Metadata tab- provides information about the data set, such as coordinate system, attribute descriptions, etc. ArcCatalog creates a XML document of the metadata. XML focus on content, HTML focus on display. XML documents can be searched. Example metadata site in Clark County. ESRI has a whitepaper on metadata, "ESRI Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata". Another reference by the Federal Geographic Data Committee, Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Workbook". Typical definition given for metadata is "data about data."
              • Creating a Custom Metadata Synchronizer
              • Can only print Metadata from ArcCatalog, use ArcMap instead to print Preview of data
              • Can perform dual field sort by highlighting fields, right mouse click primary sort field and select Ascending/Descending Sort. Secondary sort is automatically performed
              • Don't have to save changes in ArcCatalog like you do in ArcMap [Ormsby 01, p. 57]

            Adding data to ArcMap

            • Drag and drop feature from ArcCatalog to ArcMap TOC or drop on the Data Frame in the Map display.
            • Drag and drop layers onto the data frame will order the layers by feature class. See ESRI Article Number 17519.
            • Remember you can reorder layers in the TOC, just can't reorder data frames.
            • Can copy and paste layers between data frames

            Searching for Map Data

            • Edit -> Search from Menu toolbar or Magnifying glass and file cabinet button on the standard toolbar
            • Results of search, right mouse click on feature of interest, select 'Go To Target' to open the spatial dataset in ArcCatalog Catalog Tree.
            • Can also drap and drop results of search into ArcMap.

            Importing files into geodatabase tables using ArcCatalog

            • How to Create a point feature
              • Can use a Tab Delimited ASCII files, have extension .tab
              • Can use a Comma Delimited ASCII files, have extension .csv
              • ArcCatalog Context Menu, right mouse click on .tab or .csv files, Create Feature Class -> From XY Table...
            • Import dBase III/IV tables and INFO tables in Geodatabase
              • Import -> Table to Geodatabase...
            • Import Access tables into Geodatabase
              • Need to register the table with the Geodatabase: within ArcCatalog, right mouse click on table and select Register with Geodatabase. This will create an ObjectID field in the table.
             

            Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop: Chapter 18 - Making Maps Quickly

            Templates

            • Provides a standardized layout when creating a series of maps.
            • Similar to Microsoft Word, where every Word document (.doc) is based on a template. A template determines the basic structure for a document and contains document settings such as fonts, macros, page layouts, special formatting, and styles.
            • AutoCAD also uses templates. These store standard settings such has:
              • unit type and precision
              • title blocks, borders, and logos
              • layer names
              • snap, grid, and orthos settings
              • drawing (grid) limits
              • dimension styles
              • text styles
              • linetypes
              Biggest problem with AutoCAD templates is they are based on the plotter settings. So one cannot create a universal template layout that will work with all printers/plotters.
            • ArcMap template features
              • Custom User interface information is stored in the template, for example whether or not the Table of Contents is docked or free-floating, which toolbars are displayed, etc. Note user interface changes are stored in the normal template unless you save in another map or template.
              • Store Data Layers
              • Create a new template from an old one.
              • Map documents have extension (.mxd), Map templates use (.mxt) extension.
              • Stores a predefined layout which can include map elements such as north arrows, scale bars, and logos.
              • Can store special symbols and styles
              • Can reference a style or group of styles. Note a style is a suite of symbols and map elements that provide information about the symbol properties, label specifications, color schemes, legend and scale bar characteristics, and coordinate reference systems.
              • Store VBA macros/modules
              • Default .mxt file location \ArcGIS\Bin\Templates

            How to Create an ArcMap Plotter independent map template

            • Benefits: create a template once which can be used on all printers/plotters
            • within ArcMap: File -> Page and Print Setup (uncheck Use Printer Page Settings and uncheck Scale map elements...)
            • Layout View, create the marginalia and data frames needed for the template
            • File -> Save As... then change 'Save as type' to ArcMap Templates (*.mxt)
            • User then adds data/features to the data frames, saves as Map document (*.mxd) and gets ready to print
            • This is the key: File -> Page and Print Setup (check Use Printer Page Settings)
            • You now have a universal map template without any shifting
            • Discussion: if you check the 'Use Printer Paper Settings' option on Page Setup creates a virtual Print Preview. If you uncheck 'Use Printer Paper Settings' then ArcMap will place the origin (0,0) for the entire map inside the maximum printable area of the printer paper size selected, which causes the marginalia to shift on plot.
            • See Problem: ArcMap clips map when printed, ESRI Article 17300

            Layout Toolbar

            • Only works in Layout View
            • View -> Toolbars -> Layout to turn on/off the toolbar
            • Zoom Whole Page- similar to zoom Full Extent in the Data View, but this only applies to Layouts
            • Zoom In, Zoom Out, Pan
            • Within ArcMap Edit Session, hit the Z key to start a zoom in process.
            • Zoom Control 100% drop down box is the same as Zoom to 100% button
            • When using Layout Toolbar to zoom in/out at different percentages, the actual scale of the map (either inherited from the scale set in Data View or as set in Layout View) remains the same. [ESRI Virtual Campus, Learning ArcGIS I, Presenting Data in ArcGIS, Lesson 1]
            • Remember that the data frame zoom tools only work in data frames. To zoom or pan the page layout, use the layout tools (View -> Toolbars -> Layout). AutoCAD uses one pan/zoom tool, works in both Modelspace and Layouts.

              Logos and Pictures

              • Windows Enhanced Metafile (.emf) is the best format for inserting images as pictures in ArcMap
              • Use any graphics software package that supports export to Windows bitmaps or Windows enhanced metafiles.
              • Use products like Adobe Illustrator to create EMF graphics. Use products like Autodesk AutoCAD to create WMF graphics
              • Can use the Metafile Companion shareware to create and edit WMF/EMF files.
              • Windows Metafile (.wmf) is a 16-bit metafile used by Microsoft Windows to display a picture. An enhanced metafile (.emf) is a 32-bit metafile that is a superset of the .wmf. See Windows Metafile FAQ.
              • Note PostScript images are not support, only JPEG, GIF, TIF, EMF, BMP, and PNG (see ESRI Article Number 17274) even though ArcMap can create a PostScript plot file.
              • Note ArcMap markers can be a .bmp (raster format) or .emf (vector format). EMF format has better clarity and scaling abilities. The pictures used in the styles that come with ArcMap are stored in \bin\styles\pictures folder where ArcGIS is installed. See ArcMap online help, Creating marker symbols.
              • EMF or BMP image files can be used as a north arrow. See ESRI Article #20538.
              • Can use Microsoft Paint to create a bmp logo. Use Image -> Attributes to set size of logo, e.g. 1"x1". Then draw anything and do a save as .bmp.
              • Limitations of Metafile Formats (EMF, WMF) When Printing PostScript, seeEMF and PostScript
              • WitzImg from Witzend Software. Free EMF/WMF view can be downloaded from www.download.com. From the developer: "The WitzImg program lets you quickly browse through your graphics files, and displays a faithful thumbnail view of each file as it's selected. If you've ever wanted a convenient way to quickly peruse clipart, photos, drawings -- all your graphics files -- download the free WitzImg utility and see how easy it is. Designed to showcase our Witzend Thumbnail Image Viewer (tm) ActiveX control, the WitzImg utility recognizes all common graphics formats, including JPEG, GIF, TIFF, bitmap (BMP), cursor (CUR), icon (ICO), and metafiles (WMF and EMF). You can view an image in any of three sizing modes: (1) stretched-to-fit; (2) stretched-to-fit with aspect ratio maintained; and (3) normal size. Under Windows NT/2000/XP, the WitzImg program can even rotate the selected image."

              Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop: Chapter 19 - Making Maps for Presentation

              Basic Map Elements to include on Maps

              • Map Legend- used to explain symbols. By default includes all layers from the map. ArcMap: Insert -> Legend (only works in Layouts)
              • Title- provide a description of map
              • Project Info- for example: StatePlane Coordinates, NAD83, Units Feet, Nevada East Zone (FIPS 4701)
              • Source Statement- credit to where you obtained spatial data
              • North Arrow- used to orient the map with the world
              • Scale bar- also used to orient the map with the world. ArcMap: Insert -> Scale Bar... Must have data frame projection and units defined (Data Frame Properties: Coordinate System and General tab). Based on the current map scale show on the Standard Toolbar. If more than one data frame is included with the map, its usually best to keep the scale bar within the data frame it references. Scale bar broken into Divisions, then subdivisions to the left of 0.
              • Neatline- border that can be placed around map elements or inside the margins. ArcMap: Insert -> Neatline... Use the Data Frame Properties- Frame tab to place neatlines around data frames.
              • Company Logo- identifies group responsible for map. ArcMap: Insert -> Picture.
                • "ArcMap keeps the same ratio of width to height (the aspect ratio) when you resize graphics, so they won't be distorted when you change their size. If you want to make a graphic wider or taller without changing its other dimension, right-click the graphic, click Properties, and on the Picture tab uncheck Maintain aspect ratio. You can then stretch the graphic."
                • "Check the box to save the picture as part of the document if you want to give the map to someone who may not have the picture file. This increases the size of the map document (.mxd), but makes the document more portable."
                • Reference: ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcMap -> Working with graphic elements, pictures, and neatlines

              Scale Bar Map Elements

              • Visual indication of the size of features and distances between features on the map
              • A line or bar divided into parts and labeled with its ground length, usually in multiples of map units
              • scale is based on the active data frame
              • can manually resize and move the scale bar
              • preserves the ratio/scale if the physical map is enlarged or reduced.
              • ArcMap: Insert -> Scale bar
              • right mouse click on the scale bar to modify the properties
              • Scale Bar window has 3 tabs: "Scale and Units", "Numbers and Marks", and "Format"
              • Must set the data frame units before adding a scale bar.
              • Bug - cannot rotate a scale bar. Workaround is to convert the scale bar to graphics and then rotate. Problem is if you change the scale of your may, the scale bar will not dynamically update.

              Comparison of Data Frame/Viewports in layouts between CAD & GIS

              • ArcMap 8.2- Data Frames
                • Locking a data frame keeps it from accidentally being deleted. See ESRI Article #18060. Data Frame is locked when surrounded by short lines at a 45 degree angle.
                • Panning/Zooming in Data View changes the map extents in the Data Frame shown in Layout View. This has its drawbacks.
                • ArcMap has option to use fixed scale and fixed extents which restricts the user from being able to pan/zoom in the data view or the data frame in the layout. Would prefer if this restriction only applied to the data frame in the layout. See ESRI Article #17376.
                • Possible workarounds is to create a separate data view that is outside the layout. Will have duplicated layers but will allow one to pan/zoom without changing the final plot.
                • Don't confuse with Tools -> Customize... -> Options tab -> Lock Customization... button. This locks the customization done on a document or template using a password.
                • Can have several Data Frames per Map Document (.mxd)
                • Can reorder data frames in the ArcMap Table of Contents by using 'Change Layout'.
                • Only one layout allowed, see ESRI Article Number 17577. Big disadvantage. Workaround to Change Map template in Layout View, see ESRI Article #17222 this only works well if changing the layout size. Right mouse select Change Layout... Not a good solution if doing several plots all with the same template (.mxt).
                • Can create non-rectangular viewports in ArcMap. From the Data Frame Properties: Data Frame tab: Check the Enable Clip to Shape box, click the Specify Shape button then finally click on Outline of Selected Data Graphics. ArcUser January-March 2003, p. 25 The polygon outline used to create the non-rectangular data frame must be either a graphic drawn in data view or a polygon feature. See ESRI Article ID: 22887 you previously created
              • AutoCAD 2002- Viewports
                • Concept of locking a viewport keeps the user from being able to pan/zoom or delete a viewport.
                • Applies only to layouts, that is changes in the map extent in modelspace doesn't alter the viewports in the layout(s).
                • using the PROPERTIES command in AutoCAD, select the viewport and then select Display Locked and toggle to Yes.
                • Only one Modelspace (MS) per drawing (.dwg). Workaround, insert all spatial data into MS, then use VPLAYER command to freeze/thaw desired layers. Hassle to work with if data is in different projections. Issues when creating Overview/Index/Vicinity/Key maps.
                • Can have several layout pages. Advantageous when developing a set of plans for construction.

              Size and Position of Data Frames

              • Editing a Data Frame. In Layout View, right mouse click inside the Data Frame and select Properties. Within the Data Frame Properties, select the Size and Position tab. For exact control of data frame, uncheck the As Percentage and Preserve Aspect Ratio boxes.
              • Can use Guides to snap a data frame to an exact location. Turn on/off guides by View -> Guides. To create a guide just click anyware on the ruler. To delete a guide, put mouse over guide in the ruler section, will get a double black arrow, right mouse click and select "Clear Guide". Options context sensitive menu is same as doing a right mouse click on the data frame and selecting options.
              • Cannot use guides to move a data frame, only snap to it.
              • Cannot nudge a guide. When moving, smallest division unit is set under Data Frame Options, Layout View tab, Rulers section.
              • Using Guides
                • Straight lines used in layout view to align map elements
                • Guides can be used to position any map element or data frame.
                • Guides don't appear on the printed map
                • To turn on snap to Guides, right mouse click on the virtual page in Layout View and select Guides -> Snap to Guides.
                • To change snapping tolerance of guide, right mouse click on page and select Options. Then type in the number of units for snapping tolerance.
              • "The data frames are stacked on the virtual page according to their order in the table of contents." [Ormsby 01, p. 494]

              Title Map Element

              • To add use Insert -> Title from the Menu toolbar
              • Double click or right mouse click Properties to edit text value.
              • Can be snapped to guides.
              • Use Text Properties, Change Symbol... button to add a text mask. AutoCAD has similar command called TEXTMASK.
              • Units of Points, one inch = 72 points.
              • Can nudge the text box using the arrow keys. Must have the text object selected (dashed rectangle surrounding the text identifies it is selected).
              • Nudge can be done on any map element. Use to move the element, not resize it.
              • What is the difference between a Title Map Element and a Text Map Element in ArcMap? When you add a Title Map Element, the default size is larger and centered when compared to a Text Map Element. Otherwise the two elements are the same. Note the Text Map Element can be added two ways: 1) from the Menu bar, Insert -> Text. 2) from the Draw Toolbar, Select the Bold A icon, which also gives the option to add splined text which isn't available from the Menu bar.

              Text Map Element

              • View -> Toolbars -> Draw to turn on/off or Insert -s activated when inserting
              • tend to insert map elements in the data frame associated with. If not, can cause confusion on which one scale bar applies to when there are multiple data frames.

              Printing

              • Good idea to do a print preview on maps to verify correctness
              • Before printing, always do a full zoom extent in layout view. There are some issues with scale text elements and doing this fixes the problems. See ESRI Article Number 19076.
              • ArcMap converts a layout to EMF format which is then used by the printer driver for printing. To debug printing issues, need to identify if problem with conversion to EMF or problem with the printer. See ESRI Article Number 17783.
              • Page Setup window can be opened by right mouse clicking the virtual page in layout view and selecting Page Setup... This doesn't work if right mouse click in the data frame.
              • Best to set page size before creating a map, but can be done later. If map elements already added, within the Page Setup window, check "Scale map elements proportionally to changes in page size"
              • To make plotter independent maps, within the Page Setup window, uncheck "Same as Printer" and specify paper size in the Width and Height boxes.
              • "Show printer margins on Layout" checkbox is dimmed if creating a plotter independent page. If "Same as Printer" is checked, then this option will be available. Knowing printer margins helps when placing map element on the virtual page, nothing will print outside these margins.
              • Page Setup: output image quality of best means no resampling of the output image. Downside is a larger file that the printer might not be able to process. Workaround is to use ArcPress Extension.
              • "The page setup is important because it affects the size of the features, symbols, labels , and other text, as well as other map elements." (ArcGIS Desktop Help, Setting up the page)
              • Virtual page size, by default, is same size as the system printer's default page size.
              • "Is it possible to create a user-defined printer margin for an ArcMap Layout? No. Unlike the ArcView GIS application, ArcMap will only display printer-defined margins. This functionality was excluded from ArcMap in an effort to avoid common problems caused by user-defined margins not matching the actual printer margins, which can cause 'clipping' when printed." See ESRI Article Number 22443
              • Recommend exporting Map Document to PDF if doing more than one plot over a period of time. Benefit is Adobe Acrobat Reader is free, whereas you must tie up an ArcMap license if all you want to do is print. ArcMap: File -> Export
                       

              Class 3 Homework

              ESRI Virtual Campus: Learning ArcGIS 9

              • Assigned: Module 2 of 8 - Creating Map Symbology. Submit a copy of the module completion certificate, next week.

              Term/Class Project

              • Submit: number of ideas generated in brainstorming exercise with instructors. Minimum 3 ideas per person.
              • Assigned: Select a project from the brainstorming exercise. Due next week

              GIS Tutorial Workbook - Tutorial 2 Exercises - Turn in the following:

              1. Printout of the map for Exercise 2-1.
              2. Printout of the map for Exercise 2-2 showing just the city of Pittsburg zoom extent.
              3. Answer the two questions at the end of Exercise 2-2.

              Reading Assignment

              • Assigned: Getting to Know ArcGIS desktop: Chapter 4, 18, and 19
              • Quiz on Chapter 4 and 18 next week
                       

              Class 4: Tuesday, 7 Feb 2006

              Guest Speakers(s)

              : none

              ArcMap Graphics: Points, Lines, Circles, Polygons, Rectangles

              • Data View Graphics
                • "If you want the graphic to display with your data, add it in data view. For example, suppose you want to draw a circle representing a buffer around a feature. Instead of drawing the circle over the data frame in layout view, draw it directly over your data in data view. Then, as you pan and zoom your data, the circle pans and zooms with it." (ArcGIS Desktop Help: ArcMap -> Labeling maps with text and graphics -> Drawing points, lines, and circles -> Adding graphics in layout view and data view)
                • If in Layout View, just use the Draw toolbar -> Select Graphics button and double click the data frame. Now when you create graphics within the data frame, they will be linked to it instead of the map layout.
              • Layout View Graphics
                • "Since graphics don't change size as you zoom in or out on data, wait to do this until you're satisfied with the display scale. A graphic box that encloses a feature at one display scale, for instance, may not enclose it at another." [Ormsby 01, p. 482]
              • Add a graphic using the Draw toolbar
              • Can change size of a graphic by using the Select Graphics button (black arrow icon) to click on the graphic, move mouse pointer over one of the blue selection handles, then click and drag.
              • Press the Delete key on the keyboard to remove a selected graphic
              • Graphic Properties: double click the graphic. Can be used to change the fill color.
              • Can edit the vertices of a graphic. Use the Edit Vertices Icon on the Draw Toolbar (black line polygon showing with black points for the vertices). Right-click over the line and click Add Vertex or Delete Vertex. Click and drag to move a vertex.
              • Can convert a layer into graphics for cartographic purposes. Right click the layer in the TOC and click Convert Features to Graphics.
              • Cannot do the reverse. The ability to convert graphics into map features is not supported in ArcGIS 8.2. Currently logged as an enhancement request with ESRI. Workaround is to to use ArcMap Sketches within an edit session.
              • Draw Toolbar -> Default Symbol Properties: once clicked, just click an icon you want to change the default symbol properties on.
              • Group Graphics: blue handles on the graphic indicates the dominant graphic, that is the one ArcMap uses to align other graphics with. To change the dominant graphic, hold down the Ctrl key and select the desired graphic. Graphics that are grouped together behave as a single graphic.
              • UnGroup Graphics: select the graphic using the Select Graphics tool (black arrow icon) then click Drawing on the Draw toolbar and click Ungroup.
              • Aligning Graphics- moves the graphics
              • Distributing Graphics- equal spaceWorking with Attributes in ArcGIS
              • Chapter 12 of [Ormsby 01] discusses the ability to create buffer graphics.

              Create Overview Data Frame (a.k.a. index, vicinity, location, or key map)

              • Chapter 19 of [Ormsby 01] shows an overview data frame, but doesn't tell how to create one.
              • ArcGIS Desktop Help -> Contents tab -> ArcMap -> Laying out and printing maps -> Adding data frames -> Using on data frame to show the location of another
              • In a nutshell, from the Vicinity Map Data Frame, right mouse click on the data frame in the table of contents and select Properties, then select the Extent Rectangles tab
              • required item for Tentative Map submission, "V. A vicinity or key map showing the relation of the subdivision to the area in which it is located" (Title 30 Clark County Unified Development Code, 30.28.120 Document Submittal Requirements, p. 30.28 - 19)
              • Requires at least 2 data frames, one being the main map display and the other the overview frame.
              • Rectangle showing the map extent is dynamic, that is if pan/zoom is peeach feature's shape and its location in the coordinate system." [Ormsby 01, p. 366] Will discuss further in Chapter 14.
              • How to create custom reference grid row or column labels ESRI Article ID 17372
              • This method is not used by the CCRFCD MPU figures, instead a custom grid was created and shaded based on the map extend/scale. This works but isn't automated.

                How to create an exact copy of an Overview Window in a data frame

                • Issue being the polygon shading/hatching is solid, not lines drawn at 45 degree angle. This can be done by creating a new line style. Below is email extract from Thomas Purk, tpurk@esri.com of ESRI Technical Support.
                1. Select Data Frame from the Insert menu.
                2. Rename the data frame to 'Overview'
                  1. Right click on the Data Frame in the ArcMap Table of Contents
                  2. Select Properties
                  3. Switch to the General tab
                  4. Type the new name in the Name field
                  5. Click Apply and OK
                3. Create an extend rectangle for the Overview data frame
                  1. Right click on the data frame and select Properties
                  2. Switch to the Extent Rectangles tab
                  3. Select a Data Frame from the 'Other data frames' list
                  4. Click the right arrow button
                  5. Click Apply and OK
                4. Select Tools -> Styles -> Style Manager...
                5. Expand the ESRI.Styles folder and select the Background subfolder
                6. Right click in the right hand window and select New -> Normal Background
                7. Click the Change Symbol button on the Background dialog box
                8. Click the Properties button on the Symbol Selector dialog box
                9. Select Line Fill Symbol from the Type dropdown list
                10. Change the angle field to 45 degrees
                11. Select Red from the Color dropdown
                12. Click the Outline button
                13. Select Red from the Color dropdown and click OK
                14. Click Apply and OK on all dialog boxes
                15. Rename the new style to 'Overview' and close the Style Manager
                16. Right click the Overview data frame and select Properties
                17. Switch to the Extent Rectangles tab
                18. Click the Frame button
                19. Switch the Outline to None and switch the Background to the new Overview background
                20. Click Apply and OK on all dialogs. Once you arrange your Layout view you should see something like the following image.

                Add x,y coordinate data to ArcMap

                • Use tabular data (e.g. delimited text files, dBase .dbf files, etc) to create a point layer
                • Example is surveyors will provide a points file, this is method to view in ArcView
                • Table must contain two fields, one for the x-coordinate and another for the y-coordinate. Table can contant other data, but this won't be used in spatial context.
                • Creates a data layer similar to a graphic layer, that is to make it a permanent feature, need to export the layer as a shapefile (.shp) or personal geodatabase (.mdb) feature.
                • Cannot interactively move a point on the map (unless it has been converted to shp or mdb), need to change the value in the table.
                • If using a text file, remember first record will be imported as the field name, enclose strings in double quotes (single quotes will be imported into the database), use either tab or comma field delimitors.
                • Field X = Long = Easting
                • Field Y = Lat = Northing
                • Tools -> Add XY Data...
                • Can defined the projection at time of import
                • Text files: comma delimited, strings can optionally be enclosed in double quotes, first record is the field heading names
                • Problem: XY event themes created from text files are not selectable, ESRI Article #21953
                • See ESRI Article Number 21473 on Using ArcObjects to get the x and y coordinates of points, polygon centroids, or line midpoints

                Creating Point Layer from x,y values in a table using ArcCatalog

                • Two methods to create a point layer: Event Theme [Ormsby 01, p. 476] or From XY Table
                • From XY Table
                  • Step 1: from ArcCatalog tree, right-click on XY table, Create Feature Class -> From XY Table
                  • Step 2: select field name that has x-coordinates (e.g. Eastings)
                  • Step 3: select field name that has y-coordinates (e.g. Northings)
                  • Step 4: Spatial Reference of Input Coordinates. Coordinate System tab -> Import... button. Then select a feature which has the coordinate system you want to copy. Dataset can be a geodatabase feature class, shapefile, or ArcInfo coverage.
                  • Step 5: accept defaults on remaining
                  • Issues when creating a feature class and its extent is outside the XY domain, see ESRI Article ID 21419
                • Event Theme
                  • Issues using an Access table that has a blank space in the name. See ESRI Article ID 21390
                  • Reference: ArcGIS Desktop Help: Contents tab - ArcCatalog -> Exploring the values in a table -> Creating new data sources from the values in a table

                Create x,y,z features in ArcCatalog

                • right mouse click on the text file in ArcCatalog to bring up context sensitive menu. Select Create Feature Class -> From XY Table.
                • Any ASCII text file can be converted into a point shapefile or a point feature class in a personal or ArcSDE geodatabase.
                • Text file must contain x and y field. The field name doesn't have to have x,y label. For example can use Easting, Northing field names.
                • Z field is optional. If used, ArcCatalog will auotmatically create a point feature that has Z values, also know Point Z shape type.
                • When creating a new 3D point feature class, use Shape Geometry Type Point with the field property-Contains Z values- as Yes.
                • Within an ArcMap edit session, can create new 3D point features, problem is how to specify the elevation, z value, seems you can only use the Sketch tool to create a 2D point.
                • Would be handy to create a 3D point by clicking on an elevation surface, that is the elevation at the location clicked on the TIN surface would be copied into the 3D point geometry feature.
                • ArcGIS software doesn't allow you to specify the Vertical Datum of the Z elevation points. Datum most often used is the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). So you must keep track what your elevations are based on.
                • See ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcCatalog -> Exploring the values in a table -> Creating new data sources from the values in a table

                Event Tables

                • Layers created from tables containing location information in ArcMap.
                • Two fields that contain raw coordinates or raw measures that can be compared with existing feature classes.
                • Create event layer using the Add XY Data tool in ArcMap. Note an event layer behaves just like any other feature layer, can symbolize it, turn on/off, etc.
                • Street addresses can be used

                Using ArcMap with Relative Path Names

                • Solves the problem of transferring ArcMap documents (.mxd) and data features (e.g. geodatabase, shapefiles, coverages, etc.) from UNLV Lab to another computer
                • Best to save .mxd and data features in the same Windows directory (e.g. c:\ceg468)
                • Within ArcMap: File -> Map Properties... click Data Source Options... button, then select the "Store relative path names" radio button.
                • The Source tab in the ArcMap Table of Contents will still show the full path, but internal will recognize relative path names.
                • Can now copy on to a CDROM/Zip Drive and ArcMap will find the data source link. This avoids the red exclamation point on the layer name in the ArcMap Table of Contents.
                • References:

                Map Documents (.mxd)

                • Displayed in ArcMap. Used to store graphic elements, text, and links to the data in the TOC amoung other things.
                • red exclamation point next to the feature class in the ArcMap TOC indicates that the data is missing. Right mouse click and click Set Data Source to fix. See ESRI Article Number 16476.
                • Using the Save command can increase the size of the .mxd, see ESRI Article Number 20872. Recommend doing a Save As.
                • Use relative path names to help solve issues with moving data. See, Save an ArcMap map document to a CDROM preserving the paths to the data, Article Number 20905.
                         

                Class 4 Homework

                ESRI Virtual Campus: Learning ArcGIS 9

                • Submit: Module 3 of 8
                • Assigned: Module 4 of 8 - Organizing Geographic Data (due next week)

                Term/Class Project

                • Submit: Select a project from the brainstorming exercise
                • Assigned: Submitted Project Title

                GIS Tutorial Workbook - Tutorial 3 Exercises - Turn in the following:

                1. Printout of the map for Exercise 3-1.
                2. Printout of the map for Exercise 3-2.

                Reading Assignment

                • Getting to Know ArcGIS desktop: Chapter 19 and 5
                • Quiz on Chapter 19 and 5 next week

                Homework

                • Download the following from the GIS data section at the bottom of the syllabus:
                  • RFCD2002MPU-MapH17.pdf
                  • CCRFCD-LVMPU2002.mdb
                  • MPUTypicalLandUse.lyr
                  • StreetCenterline.mdb
                  • sclan.e00
                  • RFCD logo
                  • RFCD Map Document Template (rfcdmpu.mxd)
                • Make an 11" x 17" layout similar to the Clark County Regional Flood Control District 2002 Master Plan Update for the Las Vegas Valley, Map H-17
                  • Set reference scale 1" = 3000 ft
                  • Use WatershedFlamingo dynamic labels on the BasinID field, include a white halo mask
                  • Use the MPUTypicalLanduse.lyr
                  • Add Flow Arrows for the Flamingo Wash Watershed
                  • Add major street names from the sclan coverage
                  • Add RFCD logo, scale bar, north arrow, and legend

                         

                Class 5: Tuesday, 14 Feb 2006

                Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop: Chapter 5 - Symbolizing features and rasters

                Symbols and Styles

                • Used to mimic nature. Conveys information about real world features on the map.
                • Influenced by scale
                • Vector symbology: points, polygons, and lines. Raster symbology: change color of cell/pixel.
                • Suite of symbols is called a style, think of a style as a palette of symbols
                • Styles are a collection of predefined symbols, colors, and other map elements such as labels, north arrows, scale bars, and borders.
                • Can be stored in a layer (.lyr) file. Remember data features are not stored in layer, just a reference. Custom symbols are stored in the layer, this is very helpful when distributing file.
                • Can export map styles. This allows you to save map elements and symbols from many styles into a single style: Tools -> Styles -> Export Map Styles
                • Initially a new map document loads two default styles: ESRI and a windows-generated symbolset with the same name as the user's login. [ESRI Virtual Campus, Learning ArcGIS II, Module 1, Lesson 2, Displaying Layers]
                • New styles contain a standard set of symbol and map element folder but they are empty, which is indicated by the white folder icon. Yellow folder implies it contains an element.
                • Change Symbology
                  • To change color: right mouse click on symbol in TOC
                  • Symbol Selector: double click on symbol in TOC
                • See ESRI Article Number 18784 if you want to Set ArcMap's legend shade to match transparency
                • See ESRI Article Number 17494 for a description of ArcMap's advanced symbology option for transparency by field works only on polygons

                Creating Marker Symbols

                • 4 marker types
                  • Picture Graphic
                    • Can be either a bitmap raster image (.bmp) or an Enhance Windows Metafile vector format (.emf)
                    • Tools -> Styles -> Style Manager. In Marker Symbol, right mouse click on open space and select New. Layer Properties -> Symbology. Categories - Unique values, Advanced button - rotation field
                  • Simple - fast drawing set of basic glyph patters with an optional mask
                  • Character - a glyph from a TrueType font
                  • Arrow - a glyph from a TrueType font
                  • Software to create glyphs
                • See ArcGIS Desktop Help: ArcMap -> Working with Styles and Symbols -> Creating Marker Symbols

                Symbols by Attributes

                • Categorical/Qualitative/Descriptive Attributes: usually text but may be numbers if the numbers are codes standing for descriptions (e.g. landuse, zoning, etc.)
                • Quantitative Attributes: measurements or counts of features (e.g. area, population, etc.)
                • See ESRI Article Number 22897 for discussion on how to Rotate point labels by an attribute field and offset them so that labels are placed on top the points

                Using Interstate Shields

                • Uses a label symbol instead of a linetype or a marker symbol
                • Layer Properties > Labels tab, Method: 'Define classes of features and label each class differently'
                  • Add new Class Interstate, SQL Query (e.g. street.name = 'I 15')
                    • Change Text Symbol: Symbol... button -> Properties button -> Advanced Text tab, check Text Background, Properties... button -> Type Marker Text Background, Symbol... button, then select 'Interstate HWY 1' symbol
                    • Other Options, click the Placement Properties... button, Placement tab, Line Settings Orientation, click Horizontal radio button.
                  • Add new Class USRoute, SQL Query (e.g. street.name = 'US 95')
                    • Change Text Symbol: Symbol... button -> Properties button -> Advanced Text tab, check Text Background, Properties... button -> Type Marker Text Background, Symbol... button, then select 'U.S. Route 2' symbol
                    • Other Options, click the Placement Properties... button, Placement tab, Line Settings Orientation, click Horizontal radio button.
                  • Class uncheck Label features in this class
                • How to label interstate highways with a shield marker containing the highway number, ESRI Article ID 20248

                Compare Aerial Photo Images

                • Using the ER Mapper compressed aerial photos taken in Fall 2000 (f0016222.ecw) and Fall 2001 (f0116222.ecw) compare the two. Might need to download the ecw plugin under the software section. ArcGISwithCompressor_v1.1.3_20Nov02.exe
                • from ArcMap Menubar: View -> Toolbars -> Effects, use Transparency option (100% invisible, 0% full visibility)
                • also available from TOC Layer Properties - Display tab: Transparent box
                • Example applications: pavement management and Dr. K's students are using it for air quality, relate development activities to air quality monitor readings.
                • ER Mapper can change tranparency without a refresh, much better.
                • Transparency only works in true color mode, see Article Number 14606
                • Symbol sets, 'No Color' acts like 100% transparent, see Article Number 14807

                ArcMap Images

                • Pyramids
                  • Use to improve redisplay of image when zooming/panning around.
                  • will create a Reduced Resolution Dataset (same filename as image but with .rrd extension) in the same directory as the image.
                  • If directory is write-protected (e.g. CDROM) then its written to c:\temp\rasterproxies. (see ArcGIS Desktop Help -> Contents -> ArcCatalog -> Working with rasters -> about proxy files)
                  • .rrd file size approximately 8% of the original raster dataset
                  • Auxillary File (.aux) created by ArcGIS, has information about the raster such as statistics, histograms, and pyramids. Sometimes this information is stored within the raster image itself. ArcGIS Desktop Help -> Contents tab -> ArcCatalog -> Working with rasters -> Calculating statistics for your raster dataset
                • Raster Image Catalog: a dbf table that must have the following fields: IMAGE, XMIN, YMIN, XMAX, YMAX.
                • ArcObjects Online, Create Raster Catalog From A Directory
                • Personel Geodatabase doesn't support raster image catalogs, the IMAGE field is a reserved key word.
                • Can include universal naming convention (UNC) paths in the IMAGE field. For example, \\ccgis1\aerialphotos\someimage.tif
                • Can use ArcObjects to Project Raster images, see c:\arcgis\arcexe83\ArcObjects Developer Kit\Samples\Raster\ProjectRaster\ProjectRaster.exe This program will output 3 different file image formats (Image, Tif-think GeoTiff, Grid) and .rrd file. All necessary projection information is included in the image header file, no need for a separate world file.
                • ArcMap does on-the-fly project of images as long as the image projection is defined. This will also work with images stored in a raster catalog.
                • List of supported raster formats, see ArcGIS Desktop Help -> Contents tab -> ArcCatalog -> Working with rasters -> Supported raster formats. List includes the following formats: Bitmap (.bmp), Graphics Interchange Format (.gif), JPEG and TIFF

                Guest Speakers(s)

                none
                         

                Class 5 Homework

                ESRI Virtual Campus: Learning ArcGIS 9

                • Submit: Module 3 of 8
                • Assigned: Module 4 of 8 - Organizing Geographic Data (due next class)

                Term/Class Project

                • Provide a description of the problem you are solving with GIS. Also know as a Problem Description statement.
                • Due next week

                GIS Tutorial Workbook - Tutorial 3 Exercises - Turn in the following:

                1. Submit Tutorial 3: 1) Printout of the map for Exercise 3-1 and 2) Printout of the map for Exercise 3-2
                2. Assigned: nothing

                Reading Assignment

                • Assign: Getting to Know ArcGIS desktop: Chapter 9 Joins and Relating Tables

                Homework

                • Make an 8.5" x 11" plot. Include the following map elements: Margin Neatline, Company Logo, Title, Scale bar, Legend, and North Arrow.
                • Main data frame - use the sidewalk ramps database you converted into a point feature class created in class. Symbolize each ramp with a wheelchair marker symbol. Add the Clark County street centerline feature.
                • Vicinity Map data frame - Add the Clark County SCLMajor layer within the streetcenterline.mdb geodatabase. Also include the graticules. Show I 15 and US 95 highway shields using the sclmajor_l feature class from the street centerline geodatabase. Include a shaded relief image of Clark County (use ccdemspcszft.tif DEM) in the background of the vicinity map.
                • Turn in next week
                         

                Class 6: Tuesday, 21 Feb 2006

                • Download the street centerline geodatabase, Assessor Parcel layer for Book 163 Section 19 (AssessorParcel16319.mdb), Shaded Relief of Clark County (clarkdem.tif), Clark County National Elevation Dataset (ccdemspcszft.tif), city boundaries, and jensen.style from the GIS data section of this syllabus

                ArcScene and 3D Analyst Extension

                • Used to view 3D data, cannot provide an output plot
                • How to open ArcScene
                  • Windows: Start -> All Programs -> ArcGIS -> ArcScene
                  • ArcMap: check Tools -> Extensions -> 3D Analyst box is checked. Then View -> Toolbars -> 3D Analyst
                • How to render features in 3D
                  • TIN Surfaces and 3D features are automatically rendered in 3D
                  • Raster Surfaces (grids and images) and 2D features are drawn as though they were resting on a flat surface. Need to define their z-values to render in 3D. (Using ArcGIS 3D Analyst,see p. 156)
                    • DEMs - to render in 3D just set the raster layer's base height to itself (Layer Properties -> Base Heights tab, Obtain heights for layer from surface)
                • How to Change Vertical Exaggeration to all layers
                  • ArcScene: right mouse click the scene layer data frame in the table of contents and select Scene Properties (alternative is View -> Scene Properties...)
                  • General tab: enter a value of 10 under vertical exaggeration
                  • A fractional vertical exaggeration can be used to flatten surfaces or 3D features that have extreme vertical variation.
                • How to Change Vertical Exaggeration to a single layer
                  • Vertical exaggeration on a single layer can be achieved by changing its z-unit conversion factor (Using ArcGIS 3D Analyst, p. 177)
                  • ArcScene: right mouse click the DEM layer in the table of contents and select Layer Properties
                  • Base Heights tab: change Z Unit Conversion to 10
                • Raster Resolution is used to improve performance, the smaller the number of rows and columns improves the display performance but reduces the resemblance of the base surface to the original (Using ArcGIS 3D Analyst,see p. 164)
                • Sample data: c5data.mdb, c5data.tif, c5data.tfw

                Using Spatial Analyst in ArcMap to create an elevation relief

                1. Spatial Analyst setup
                  • Can use either Spatial Analyst or 3D Analyst, which are separate extensions to ArcMap, to create a shaded relief
                  • Need 3 things to run the extension: 1) install the software, 2) turn on the extension: Tools -> Extensions -> check Spatial Analyst, and 3) turn on the toolbar: View -> Toolbars -> Spatial Analyst
                  • See [Ormsby 01, p. 115-125] for discuss on symbolizing raster images. Recommend using the ArcMap Color Ramp Elevation #1 for Shaded Reliefs (to see the name of the color ramp, right mouse click on the shading and toggle off Graphic View). Sample grids: c:\GTKArcGIS\Chapter05\Data\afhorndem and c:\GTLArcGIS\Chapter05\Data\afhornshd
                2. Custom ArcMap Color Ramp for Shaded Reliefs - jjensen.style. Can install from any location, I keep mine with the other styles that ship with ArcMap (c:\arcgis\arcexe83\bin\Styles\). To install in ArcMap: Tools -> Styles -> Style Manager... then click the Styles drop down menu. On the very bottom is Add... When you reopen ArcMap this custom style will be missing so to make it permanent, copy the style into your custom styles (c:\documents and settings\jjensen\Application Data\ESRI\ArcMap\jjensen.style)
                3. Add DEM (e.g. use Clark Clark DEM projected in stateplane coordinates, ccdemspcszft.tif) to ArcMap. Use above Color Ramp to symbolize.
                4. Hillshade
                  • From the Spatial Analyst Toolbar: Surface Analyst -> Hillshade... (recommend using ccdemspcszft.tif)
                  • Can use Solar Position and Intensity (SOLPOS) website to determine the Azimuth Angle (i.e. angular direction of the Sun) and Altitude angle of the sun in Las Vegas NV is: (lat=36 degrees north, long=115 degrees west). US Pacific Time Zone is -8:00 (U (GMT - 8:00). Elevation is around 600meters or 2000ft. Azimuth angle is given from south, so -45 degrees is the same as 180 + 45 = 225 degrees from the North, this is the value the Hillshade command wants. The Sun angle (altitude) is 45 degrees (this should be entered in the Hillshade command). Note SOLPOS will return 135 degrees, which is just 180 - 45 = 135. For figures of Azimuth Angle and Altitude angle see ArcGIS Desktop Help -> Extensions -> Spatial Analyst -> Analysis Concepts in Spatial Analyst -> Surface Analysis -> Producing a Hillshade
                  • Instructor Jeff Jensen - recommends having the Hillshade as the top layer with 70% transparent and the elevation color ramp layer below with 0% transparent.
                  • [Ormsby 01, p. 122-123] recommends Elevation layer should be above the hillshade layer in the TOC. Elevation Top Layer, Hillshade Bottom Layer. Make the elevation layer 70% transparent.
                  • double click the Elevation layer to open the Select Color Ramp window. Right mouse click the color ramp symbols and turn off graphic view. Select Elevation #1 color ramp.
              • Note: if image file is in a different projection, remember that ArcMap can project raster images on the fly. So, ensure the Data Frame project is the one you desire, then add the raster data, ArcMap will reproject it automatically.
              • See How to make a layer draw partially transparent, ESRI Article ID 18073

                  USGS Digital Elevation Model (DEM)

                  USGS National Elevation Dataset

                  • "The USGS National Elevation Dataset (NED) has been developed by merging the highest-resolution, best-quality elevation data available across the United States into a seamless raster format." ( NED homepage)
                  • Obtain NED for the State of Nevada from Rita Carmen, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Division of State Lands. 333 W Nye Lane, Room 118. Carson City NV 89706. Voice: 775-687-4365x227. Fax: 775-687-3783. Email: rcarman@govmail.state.nv.us
                  • Clark County Nevada: 36115=Area31. 36114=Area30. 35115=Area35. 35114=Area34. 36115 (Lat=36, Long=-115, Area31=name of directory the ArcGIS DEMGRID file is stored in on the CDROM obtain from Rita)
                  • USGS NED Shaded Relief Imagery Data available from ESRI ArcData Just zoom into desired area, then web page program will create either a TIFF image or ArcInfo GRID of the area. File will be zipped (.zip) and downloaded automatically.

                  Options To Clip Raster Images

                  Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop: Chapter 9 - Joining and relating tables

                  Database Relationships

                  • Cardinality- "describes how many objects of one type are related to an object of another type" [ESRI Virtual Campus- Working with Attributes in ArcGIS Lesson 2]
                  • one-to-one: one parcel can have one parcel id. Use Table joins. Read as destination table-to-source table.
                  • one-to-many: one parcel can have many owners. Use Relate joins. Using a Table join will omit all records after the first match. Example application is building occupancy, one building such as a shopping center may be occupied by many tenants. Another example is soil types.
                  • many-to-one: many parcels can have one owner. Use Table joins. Another example is lookup tables such as landuse codes.
                  • many-to-many: many parcels can have many different owners. Use Relate joins. Using a Table join will omit all records after the first match.

                  Relate Tables

                  • to setup: right mouse click on layer name in the TOC and select "Joins and Relates" -> "Relate". Fill in correct table name and Primary Keys (PK).
                  • Unable to query with the related table with "Select By Attributes" from the menu toolbar. To query the table first need to Open the table, then using the Options -> "Select By Attributes" can perform a query on the related table. Then use Options -> Related Tables to view the map features.
                  • relates have more overhead than joins.
                  • When selecting records, the records in the relate table are not automatically selected. See ESRI Article Number 17714.
                  • Cannot symbolize features based on fields in the relate table. Only works for joins.

                  Join Tables

                  • Appends the attributes from one onto the other based on a field common to both tables
                  • To make a permanent join, export the data to a new dataset (right-click the layer in the table of contents, point to Data, and click Export data).
                  • Cannot edit joined tables directly, need to edit the source. Changes to the source will be reflected in the joined tables.
                  • To create a join: right-click the layer you want to join in the TOC, point to "Joins and Relates" and click "Join". Helpful if the join table is already in the TOC but can always click the Browse button to search for it.
                  • Can query the joined fields directly.
                  • More commonly used over relates.
                  • Destination/Primary Table- typically the attribute table for the spatial theme, table to which the fields from the source table will be appended
                  • Source/Secondary Table-typically contains descriptive attributes
                  • Advanced button - 'Keep all records (default)'
                  • Advanced button - 'Keep only matching records'

                  Raster Image Processor (RIP)

                  • Fancy plotter driver that improves the speed and quality of a final plot
                  • ESRI's ArcPress
                  • EasyCopy Gold from autoGraph international

                  Reference Systems: Grids and Graticule

                  • Graticules
                    • "A graphic representation on a map of the network of parallels and meridians (latitude and longitude) that subdvide the earth's surface" (ESRI Virtual Campus-Basics of ArcGIS, Lesson 1: Introducing a GIS)
                    • To add a graticule to an ArcMap layout, see ESRI Article Number 14165
                    • To create a non-rectangular graticule border, see Article Number 22887
                    • From ArcMap: View menu -> Data Frame Properties -> Grids tab - New Grid button
                    • USGS Digital Elevation Models (DEM) data is 1:24,000 scale, every 7.5-minute. Setup a graticule every 0 degrees 7 minutes 30 seconds to assist in referencing Federal data.
                    • To place a grid or graticule below the data layers in a map, convert it to a graphic. See ESRI Article Number 17370
                    • To change the font style of a graticule, see ESRI Article Number 22097
                    • Must define a coordinate system for the data frame in ArcMap before applying a graticule. See ESRI Article Number 22515
                    • Can change the X and Y origin of the Graticules. From the Data Frame Properties, Grids tab, select the graticule, and click Properties -> Intervals tab. Use this procedure if having incorrect label values on the graticule. See ESRI Article Number 20370
                  • Grids
                    • Use a Measured Grid to place UTM grids and State Plane grids.
                    • Can use a different coordinate system for the grid reference system than the data frame projection.
                    • Reference Grid is often used has a map index. Have uniform size for all cells in the grid. In Las Vegas, typically use the Township-Range-Section lines as map index even though the size of each section isn't uniform. This would be known as a custom overlay reference grid. "Custom overlay reference grids use the geometry of a polygon data source to define the grid lines and an attribute column in this same layer to specify the labels." (ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcMap -> Laying out and printing maps -> Adding grids and graticules (reference systems))

                  Paper Size

                  • Standard Paper Size Descriptions
                  • ISO 216 (Metric) Engineering
                    • Based on ratio 1:v 2 (1:1.4142)
                    • Basic size of metric paper is one square meter, which is the area of an AO sheet of metric paper. See Stock Solution
                    • AO size folded once is A1 size, folded twice is A2 size, folded thrice is A3 size, and so on until A8 size. International Standard Paper Sizes
                  • ANSI (English) Engineering
                    • E Size (34"x44") folded once is D size (22"x34"), folded twice is C size (17"x22"), folded thrice is B size (11"x17") and lastly folded 4 times is A size (8.5"x11"). F size (28"x40") is an exception.
                    • Tend to use A and B sizes in Engineering offices, sometimes D size.
                    • D size rolls have to special ordered. Standard plotter paper rolls come in 24", 30", and 36" widths
                    • Cleanly reduce a D size to B size. Sometimes referred as half-size plots.
                  • Architectural/ARCH
                    • E size (36"x48") folded once is D size (24"x36"), folded twice is C size (18"x24"), folded thrice is B size (12"x18") and lastly folded 4 times is A size (9"x12")
                    • Tend to use ARCH D size in engineering offices
                  • Paper Size Requirements

                  Review transferring data files from UNLV to home/work

                  • Store .mxd and spatial data in the same directory
                  • use relative path names paths in the .mxd (within ArcMap: File -> Map Properties -> Data Source Options button -> Store relative path names option
                  • copy the entire directory to storage/transfer device (e.g. USB thumb drive)
                  • This will solve any future problems with broke links (red exclamination point on the layer name in the table of contents)


                           

                  Class 6 Homework

                  ESRI Virtual Campus: Learning ArcGIS I

                  • Submit: Module 4 of 8
                  • Assigned: Module 5 of 8 Creating and Editing Data (due next class)

                  Term/Class Project

                  • Submit: Problem Description statement (Objective of Report)
                  • Assigned: Brief description of Project

                  Reading Assignment

                  • Getting to Know ArcGIS desktop: Chapters 6 and 7.
                  • Quiz on Chapter 6 and 7 next week

                  GIS Tutorial Workbook - Tutorial 4 Exercises

                  1. Nothing Assigned Last Week
                  2. Assigned: Tutorial 4: Printout of the map for Exercise 4-1 and 4-2

                  Homework

                  • Create a map on 8.5"x11" paper
                  • Main data frame, display the Assessor Parcel 163 Section 19 AssessorParcel16319.mdb.
                  • Symbolize the map using the Assessor Subdivision name by joining the Parcel polygon feature class to the AOSubd. Provide a different color/shade for each subdivision
                  • Add vicinity map data frame in the map layout showing 1) DEM shaded relief of Clark County (clarkdem.tif or ccdemspcszft.tif), 2) graticules showing Latitude and Longitude, 3) extentent rectangle, and 4) streets
                  • Add normal marginalia, e.g. company logo, a title graphic element with your name and Class Homework, and so on
                           

                  Class 7: Tuesday, 28 Feb 2006

                  Guest Speakers(s)

                  none

                  • Download the street centerline geodatabase, US Census TIGER/Line 2000 geodatabase (CensusBlocks2000spcsSF1blk) ESRI version, and Clark County version of Census data (sbg.e00), and RTC geodatabase (rtc.mdb)

                  Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop: Chapter 6 - Classifying features and rasters

                  Classifying Features and Rasters

                  • Basically divide attribute values into groups/classes to graphically view on a map.
                  • Map Legends are based on classes
                  • Feature attributes are typically categroical (e.g. text field, such as a State name) or quantitative (e.g. numeric field, such as population of a state)
                  • This chapter focuses on Quantitative attributes.

                  Quantitative Scaled Symbology

                  1. Graduate Color
                    • this is a color ramp, applies to polygons, won't work well with points or lines. (See ESRI Article Number 20653 on How to apply a color range to a portion of symbols in ArcMap.
                    • Most effective on polygon layers because subtle color differences are easier to detect on large features (see Ormsby 04 p. 129)
                  2. Graduate Symbol
                    • different marker size, applies to points, lines, & polygons.
                    • Normally used with point layers (see Ormsby 04 p. 129)
                    • Specify number of classess, minimum and maximum symbol size.
                    • Example using 3 classess and min value = 1 and max value = 3, then ArcMap will symbolize the map with 3 symbols, sizes 1, 2, and 3
                  3. Proportional Symbol
                    • vary in size proportionally to the value symbolized.
                    • Example marker symbol for a city of 10,000 would be ten times larger than a marker symbol for a city of 1,000.
                    • work best when the range of values for an attribute is not too wide (see Ormsby 04 p. 130)
                    • Instructor recommends using Graduate Symbol over Proportional Symbol. Appears Proportional symbol crashes ArcMap, cannot specify a maximum symbol size, and unclear is units apply to the map or the symbol.
                  4. Dot Density
                    • applies to polygons only. (see ESRI Article Number 17472 Dot density symbology previews can be incorrect. and Ormsby 04 p. 130)

                  Classification methods

                  • Allows one to see where attribute values reside in relation to one another
                  • Best way to lie with maps, see [Ormsby 01, p. 137]
                  • To use classification methods, which isn't available in Categories: In TOC, select Layer's Properties, in Symbology tab: Quantities
                  • Six classification methods [Ormsby 01, p. 129]. Max number of classes allowed by ArcGIS is 256.
                    • Natural Breaks (Jenks)- creates classes according to clusters and gaps in the data
                    • Equal Interval- creates classes of equal value ranges. If range of values is 1 to 100 and the number of classes is 4, this method will create classes with the following values: 1-25, 26-50, 51-75, and 76-100. Scheme divides the range of attribute values into equal-sized subranges.
                    • Defined Interval- creates the number of classes based on the interval you choose. For example, range of values is 1 to 100 and you select 2 intervals, will have classes from 1-50, and 51-100.
                    • Quantile- creates classes containing equal numbers of features. "The Quantile method places breaks so that each class contains an approximately equal count of values. (In other words, each class includes about the same number of features.)" [Ormsby 01, p. 137] If you choose 5 classes for a layer with 100 features, this method will create class breaks so that 20 features fall into each class.
                    • Standard Deviation- creates classes according to a specified number of standard deviations from the mean.
                    • Manual- set whatever class breaks you like.
                    • See online help, under contents tab: ArcMap -> Symbolizing your data -> Standard classification schemes

                  Symbology Charts

                  • Pie - Layer Properties -> Symbology -> Charts -> Pie. Click the Properties button to alter 3D effects. Click the Size... button to alter the diameter of the pie chart.
                  • Bar/Column - Layer Properties -> Symbology -> Charts -> Bar/Column. Click the Properties button to change from Column to Bar.
                  • Stacked
                  • For additional info, see ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcMap -> Symbolizing your data -> Drawing features with charts

                  Understanding Classification Histogram

                  • ArcMap Layer Properties -> Symbology tab: Show Classified: click the Classify button under Classification, Quantile
                  • X-axis (horizontal) shows the range of values in the field
                  • Y-axis (vertical) gives the count of features (number of records in database)
                  • Vertical blue lines are class breaks. Value on the X-axis is shown on top of blue line.
                  • Value Range = Max Value - Min Value
                  • If you move the blue lines, changes the classification to manual. Click on the histogram to add a new class break. Right mouse click on the blue line to remove the class break.
                  • Value of one gray histogram column = value range / number of columns
                  • Gray column range: 10-100
                  • Data Exclusion: enter a list of values you don't want included in the map. For example: 1, 3, 5-12
                  • Gray columns represent percentages of the value range. One column implies all the data (100%) lies in the single column (this wouldn't be of any help in determining relationship of features since they are all the same)
                  • Used to determine population densities.
                  • In past had to create a new attribute field
                  • Create in Layer Properties, under Quantities (Graduate colors, Graduated symbols, or Proportional symbols), add a field to the Normalization drop down box.

                  US Census and TIGER/Line

                  Hierarchical Geographic Entities

                  • Census Block: block bounded by city streets
                  • Block Group (or part): generally have 600-3,000 people, optimum size of 1,500 people
                  • Census Tract (or part): generally have 1,500-8,000 people, optimum size of 4,000 people
                  • Place (or part)
                  • Census County Division (CCD): name of each CCD is based on a place, county, or well-known local name that identifies its location.
                  • County: Incorporated places are known as 'independent cities' and are treated as equivalent to counties for statistical purposes. In Louisiana this division is known as Parishes.
                  • State
                  • Division: Mountain (Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Nevada)
                  • Region: Nevada is in the West Region (Northeast, Midwest, South, West)
                  • United States
                  • Note: doesn't apply to American Indian, Alaska Native, etc.

                  TIGER/Line Issues

                  • Uses Lat/Long coordinates and NAD83 Datum. Need to project into Stateplane coordinates to use with other local GIS data
                  • TIGER/Line data doesn't overlay nicely with the Assessor Parcels and Street Centerline file. This will cause problems if doing Census analysis with other datasets.

                  Census 2000 Redistricting Summary Issues

                  • Maximum number of fields a single dbf can hold is 255. So one cannot just join the nvgeo.upl, nv00001.upl, and nv00002.upl into a single table
                  • Single dataset for just Clark County will be ~ 150MB
                  • Can convert the attributes into a point shapefile. In ArcView, using the nvgeo.upl file and the Internal Point-Latitude (INTPTLAT) and Internal Point-Longitude (INTPTLON) fields can add event theme. This will help solve the problem of conflating a semi-accurate polygon shapefile (TIGER) to a more accurate polygon shapefile (Assessor Parcels), in which case one can just perform a point-in-poly overlay.
                  • INTPTLAT and INTPTLON fields do not store the decimal point, must be added. Also the + sign in INTPTLAT didn't cause any problems in the event theme

                  How to obtain TIGER/Line data

                  • Locally stored version of 2000 TIGER/Line data for Clark County (cctigerline.mdb)
                  • ESRI converted all Census 2000 TIGER/Line data to shapefiles, can be downloaded for free from under the Preview and Download link under Free Download.
                  • US Census gives TIGER/Line datasets for free, will need to obtain your own conversion program
                    • ESRI recommends www.gistools.com for software to convert from TIGER/Line datasets to shapefiles

                  Census Links

                  Shapefiles of US Census Blocks

                  • Naming Convention: tgr32003blk00.zip (contains tgr32003blk00.shp, tgr32003blk00.shx, tgr32003blk00.dbf, and a readme.html file). These files have been downloaded on UNLV server to increase access time, but recommend using the ESRI GeographyNetwork site for the latest edition.
                    • tgr = TIGER
                    • 32 = Nevada
                    • 003 = Clark County
                    • blk00 = Census Blocks 2000
                  • All the Census TIGER/Line shapefile on the ESRI website uses Geographic Coordinate system, North American Datum 1983. Will need to define this projection using the ArcToolbox -> Data Management Tools -> Projections -> Define Projection Wizard (shapefiles, geodatabase) before you can properly use the data in ArcMap.
                  • Will need to project to Stateplane coordinates using ArcToolbox -> Data Management Tools -> Projections -> Project Wizard (shapefiles, geodatabase) if you want to overlay existing GIS datasets. Remember if you don't have an existing geodatabase (.mdb), will have to create a geodatabase first using ArcCatalog, then ArcToolbox will project/write the new polygon feature class in the geodatabase.

                  Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1)

                  • Provides detailed counts and information of people by age, sex, households, families, race, etc. down to the block level. For more detail see the Census 2000 Summary File 1 webpage.
                  • All Census 2000 Data for the State of Nevada can be downloaded from here.
                  • ESRI has processed the raw SF 1 to one that can easily be joined in ArcMap to the Block shapefile. Select the Census Block Demographics (SF1) for Clark County. Once you unzip the sf1blk32000.zip file, will get the dBase IV dataset, tgr32000sf1blk.dbf. This is the complete dataset for Nevada, so its rather large.
                  • Use the fieldname STFID has the relate item (i.e. Primary Key) to join the SF 1 file (tgr32000sf1blk.dbf) to the block polygons (tgr32003blk00.shp)
                  • SF1 Quick Reference Guide
                  • Summary File 1 Technical Documentation
                  • Hierarchical sequence from largest area to smallest area: State, County, County Subdivision, Place, Census Tract, Block Group, Block.
                  • Summary File 2 only goes down to the census tract level.
                  • Download "Census Blocks 2000 data layer" for "Clark County" from esri website.

                  Import Census 2000 Redistricting Files

                  • Use the Logical Record Number (LOGRECNO) to relate 3 three tables together (i.e. nvgeo.upl, nv00001.upl, and nv00002.upl)
                  • Unforunately the nvgeo.upl dataset is in columnar format, whereas the nv00001.upl and nv00002.upl are in comma delimited format. Must either write an awk script to convert reformat nvgeo.upl into comma delimited or using Microsoft Excel/Access to import the file. Reason is ArcView 3.2a can only read ASCII comma/tab delimited, INFO, or dbf tables.
                  • Will need to create a new field, STFID in the nvgeo.upl table. Calculate STFID as the concatenation of the following fields: STATE, COUNTY, TRACT, and BLOCK. In ArcView, open the nvgeo.upl table, start editing, add a new field (Edit -> Add Field...), name is stfid with size 16 and type string, with that field highlighted in the table select Field->Calculate.... with the following [State] + [County] + [Tract] + [Block]. This newly populated field will then be used to relate/join the Census 2000 Redistricting Files to the ESRI TIGER/Line shapefiles. Reason we had to make a new field is ArcView 3.2a can't do a join on multiple common fields.

                  How to join TIGER/Line with Census 2000 Redistricting Files

                  • Using ESRI convert TIGER/Line files, add the TGR32003BLK00.shp to ArcView. The relate field is STFID, which is just a concatenation the STATE, COUNTY, TRACT, and BLOCK fields
                  • With both tables open (attribute table of tgr32003blk00.shp and nvgeo.upl) highlight the STFID fields, have the attribute table of tgr32003blk00.shp active, then Table -> Join

                  Population Density

                  • Ratio of population to census block size. For example, if you want the number of people per acre (43,560 ft^2 = 1 acre)
                  • to manually calculate the area using Field -> Calculate: [Shape].ReturnArea (see HowTo: Create an area field for a polygon shapefile Note when adding a field use decimal places, e.g. Type=Number, Width=16, Decimal Places=5.
                  • Normalize by using Classification Field: P0010001 (total population) and the Normalize Field is area
                  • This is useful in determine bus route services and other social programs
                  • Using SBC.e00, population density = HHTOTAL / AREA
                    • Open the SBG attribute table in the TOC. Click the Options button, select Add Field...
                    • Field name: SQMile
                    • Use a field type Double, Precision 10 (number of digits that can be stored in the field) and Scale 4 (number of decimal places for float and double fields, more commonly known has the mantissa). Scale of 0 is the same has an integer. Rule of thumb, precision greater than 6, use a Double type, otherwise use a Float type. (See ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcGIS -> Geodatabase items: Field properties)bid=20880">ESRI Article Number 20880, How to set default layer symbology in ArcMap.
                  • 1 Acre = 43560 square feet
                  • 640 acres = 1 square mile
                  • 1 square mile = 27878400 square feet
                  • Add a new field to the SBG coverage.
                           

                  Class 7 Homework

                  ESRI Virtual Campus: Learning ArcGIS I

                  • Submit: Module 5 of 8
                  • Assign: Module 6 of 8: Getting Started with GIS Analysis

                  Term/Class Project

                  • Submit: Brief description of Project
                  • Assigned: Data Needs. Identify your data needs. Does the data exist or will you need to collect it?

                  Reading Assignment

                  • Getting to Know ArcGIS desktop: Chapter 7 and 8
                  • Quiz on Chapter 7 and 8 next week

                  GIS Tutorial Workbook - Tutorial 5 Exercises

                  1. Submit: Tutorial 4 Exercise printouts
                  2. Assigned: Tutorial 5: Printout of the map for Exercise 5-1 and 5-2 and the 2 questions for Exercise 5-1.

                  Homework

                  • Create an 8.5" x 11" Plot
                    • Download the Clark County street centerline geodatabase (streetcenterline.mdb)
                    • Download the US Census Blocks for Clark County Nevada (cctigerline.mdb)
                      • Add the CensusBlocks2000spcsSF1blk polygon feature class for cctigerline.mdb geodatabase. For additional info, see the following
                        • From ESRI Census 2000 TIGER/Line Data choose the 'Census Blocks 2000' under the Available data layers
                        • SF1 Quick Reference Guide
                        • Project the dataset from Geographic Coordinate System to Stateplane Coordinate System (Nevada East Zone, Datum NAD83, Units Feet)
                        • Join the SF1 table to the Census Block shapefile. Use the STFID has the relate item (i.e. Primary key)
                    • Include 4 data frames, all zoomed in around the UNLV area.
                      • One data frame is based on Graduate colors for the Average Family Size (AVE_FAM_SZ). Use Quantile classification (equal number of features in each class) with 4 classes.
                      • Second data frame is based on population density (POP2000 field) using Dot Density. Use dot size of 4 and each dot represents 10 people
                      • Third data frame uses Pie Charts to show night time population of HISPANICs , BLACKs, WHITEs and ASIANs for each cenus block. Set using the ArcMap Table of Contents, Layer Properties -> Symbology tab, Under the Show heading: Charts-Pie. Display the HISPANIC, BLACK, WHITE, and ASIAN fields.
                      • Fourth data frame uses Bar/Column Charts to show properties in the year 2000 which where Owned, Rented, or Vacant. Set using the ArcMap Table of Contents, Layer Properties -> Symbology tab, Under the Show heading: Charts. Display the OWNER_OCC, RENTER_OCC, and VACANT fields. Normalize with the HSE_UNITS field
                    • Add normal marginalia
                      • Add a title and text with your name, homework assignment number, class number, and date assigned.
                      • Add map element of north arrow and company logo.
                  • Homework due next week.
                           

                  Class 8: Tuesday 7 Mar 2006

                  Guest Speakers(s)

                  none

                  • Download the street centerline geodatabase (StreetCenterline.mdb), AssessorParcel16319.mdb, and Street Centerline Annotation Coverage (sclan.zip)

                  Reference Scale for Data Frames

                  • Data Frame Reference Scale
                    • Unless you explicitly set a reference scale, the current scale is your reference scale
                    • When reference scale = map scale (default) then the text will float, so has you zoom in, text remains constant size
                    • When reference scale is set, then the text is flattened on the image, so has you zoom in, text gets larger
                    • Use to define the scale at which text and symbols will appear at their true size
                    • If you zoom in or out, the text and symbols will change scale along with the display when reference scale is set
                    • Similar to freezing the symbol and text sizes used in your data frame, the way they look at the reference scale is maintained at all scales
                    • Three reference scale commands (Set Reference Scale, Clear Reference Scale, and Zoom To Reference Scale) are available from the Table of Contents, Data Frame context menu (right mouse click on data frame name)
                    • Map Document Annotation has a reference scale
                    • Default is labels will not scale when you zoom in/out (label font height will stay the same size on the page regardless of map scale). So labels will take up more geographic space on the map as you zoom in, less geographic space as you zoom out. Setting the data frame reference will make the label size fixed, that is as you zoom in the label font height appears bigger, zoom out the label font height appears smaller.
                    • 2 ways to set a data frame reference scale:
                      1. right mouse click the data frame name in the ArcMap TOC, select the Set Reference Scale option on the context menu.
                      2. data frame properties -> General tab -> Reference Scale
                    • Remember the reference scale is unitless, so if you want 1"=40ft you need to enter 1:480
                  Civil Engineering Textstyle Standards and Conversions
                  Textstyle, 1000th of an inch Layout Height, inches Layout Height, points Reference Scale Data View/Modelspace Height, feet Data View/Modelspace Height, unitless
                  L120 120/1000 = 0.12 0.12*72 = 8.64 approximately 9 1 inch = 40 feet (1:480) 0.12*40 = 4.8 0.12*480 = 57.6
                  L100 100/1000 = 0.10 0.10*72 = 7.2 approximately 7 1 inch = 40 feet (1:480) 0.10*40 = 4 0.10*480 = 48
                  L80 80/1000 = 0.08 0.08*72 = 5.76 approximately 6 1 inch = 40 feet (1:480) 0.08*40 = 3.2 0.08*480 = 38.4
                  L60 60/1000 = 0.06 0.06*72 = 4.32 approximately 4 1 inch = 40 feet (1:480) 0.06*40 = 2.4 0.06*480 = 28.8
                  L40 40/1000 = 0.04 0.04*72 = 2.88 approximately 3 1 inch = 40 feet (1:480) 0.04*40 = 1.6 0.04*480 = 19.2
                  LX X/1000 = Xinches Xinches*point conversion (1 inch = 72 points) scale (unitless scale) Xinches*scale Xinches*unitless scale

                  Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop: Chapter 7 - Labeling features

                  ArcMap Labeling

                  ArcGIS Options working with Text

                  • Question - Will the created text be used on several maps or just one map?
                    • If just for one map, then use dynamic labels or map document annotation (layout view or data view)
                    • If to be used on several maps, then use geodatabase annotation (standard or feature-linked)
                    • If text exists in an old format, then use Pre-ArcGIS Annotation, that is coverage annotation
                  • Dynamic Labels - represent attribute values in a feature class, also known as Feature Dynamic Labels
                  • Annotation
                    • Map Document Annotation (Layout View) - stored in the map document (.mxd). Also known as Page Text or Graphic Text. Text which only appears in ArcMap layout view (e.g. title of map). Cannot be turned on/off
                    • Map Document Annotation (Data View) - stored in dataframes within annotation groups. Also known as Graphic Annotation. Can be turned on/off from the Data Frame Properties -> Annotation Groups tab.
                    • Geodatabase Annotation - Standard
                    • Geodatabase Annotation - Feature linked
                  • Pre-ArcGIS Annotation - coverage annotation, CAD files, and so on
                  • Dimension Features
                  • Reference: Options for storing and working with text in ArcGIS see ESRI Article ID: 24269

                  Dynamic Labeling

                  • Based on values from a feature class
                  • Pros: quickly label features, can be customized using classes of features
                  • Cons: limited control on label placement, may not label all the features due to overlap, cannot move an individual label (workaround is to convert to geodatabase annotation)
                  • Labeling- tend to come from values in an attribute table.
                  • Turn on/off from Layer properties in the Table of Contents or selecting 'Label Features' from the context sensitive menu
                  • "Broadly speaking, a label is any text that names or describes a feature on a map" [Ormsby 01, p. 169]
                  • "In ArcMap, labels specifically represent values in a layer attribute table." [Ormsby 01, p. 169]
                  • Labels describe features
                  • "Cannot be selected or individually modified" [Ormsby 01, p. 168]
                  • ArcMap will adjust the label placement to avoid overlaps.
                  • To edit the text style: in TOC, open the Layer Properties -> Labels tab: Symbol... button
                  • To edit which attribute field will be used by ArcMap to create the dynamic label: in TOC, open the Layer Properties -> Labels tab: Label Field drop down box.
                  • If the attribute value requires additional information, for example a unit of measurement: in TOC, open the Layer Properties -> Labels tab: Expression... button
                    • Can use JavaScript or VBScript Parser
                    • JavaScript: [AREA] + " ft<SUP>2</SUP>"
                    • VBScript: [AREA] & " ft<SUP>2</SUP>"
                  • Can have a single label for multiple features which is helpful for Hawaii islands. Layer Properties -> Labels tab: Label Placement Options..., "Place one label per feature"
                  • Bug in software, labels will not recognize text symbols that are rotated. Currently being worked on by ESRI, reference CQ00096554. Work around for labeling points.
                  • Bug in software, Labels do not rotate when data frame is rotate. See ESRI Article ID 24811 for workaround.
                  • Can set to display at a certain scale in addition to layer setting. Layer Properties -> Labels tab: Scale Range... button
                  • Label a subset of features - using the Layer Properties dialog, can create a class representing a subset of the features, then create a SQL expression to select the features you want to be in the class. [See ESRI Virtual Campus -> Learning ArcGIS II -> Working with Labels and Annotation -> Lesson 1]
                  • On the Data Frame properties, choose Set Reference Scale to lock the size of labels by assigning fixed dimensions instead of units based on the map scale.
                  • Label Layers
                    • Labels features based on their attributes
                    • Labels dynamically adjust depending on map scale to fit the available space
                    • Turn on/off labels from the Layer properties -> Labels tab: "Label Features in this layer" checkbox or right mouse click on layer in TOC, select "Label Features"
                  • Data Frame Reference Scale
                    • Reference Scale effects 1) all feature symbology, 2) labels, 3) and graphics in the current data frame - will be scaled relative to the reference scale. To disable scaling for individual layers, double-click the layer name in the Table of Contents, click the Display tab and uncheck Scale symbols when a reference scale is set.
                    • Data Frame Reference scales does NOT effect Geodatabase annotation. Geodatabase annotation and dimension features have their own reference scale
                    • Default Reference Scale for the labels defaults to the current scale of the map
                    • Set a Reference Scale - ESRI ArcMap Training Video
                    • ArcGIS Desktop Help Release 9.1 - Working with Reference Scales
                  • References - see ESRI Article ID 24261 What are dynamic labels also ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcMap -> Working with text -> About labeling

                  Dynamic Labeling - Placing Labels

                  • Layer Properties -> Labels tab: Label Placement Options... button
                  • Different Placement Property Options based on:
                    • Polygons
                      • Automatically placed at polygon centroid
                    • Polylines
                      • Can be placed above, centered on line or below line
                      • Can be splined, checkbox "Produce labels that follow the curve of the line" under the placement properties.
                      • Angle: Along the line, Horizontal, or Perpendicular
                      • Bug trying to create a stacked label with spline option.
                    • Points
                      • 8 possible positions
                      • Label can be placed at an angle. This is the work around for bug in software (unable to recognize text symbols that are rotated)
                      • Priority: 0=no label, 1=highest, and 3=lowest
                      • Several different Label Locations available (e.g. Top Right Only, Bottom Right Only, etc.)

                  Dynamic Labeling: ArcMap Formatting tags

                  • ArcMap text formatting tags follow XML syntax rules. Each starting tag must have a corresponding end tag
                  • The & and < are special characters so you might want to use the equivalent character codes &amp; and <lt;
                  • Where in ArcMap can I use the text formatting tags? ESRI Article ID 21192
                  • AutoCAD uses '%%d' to insert a degree symbol. See ESRI Article# 14454 on converting in ArcInfo
                  • ISO Latin-1 Charater Set, ISO Latin-1 Character Set alternate link, and additional symbols can type the Decimal Code in the text window and ArcMap will translate into the appropriate character/symbol
                  • Examples: Copyright symbol is &#169; the degree sign is &#176; [Musciano 00, p. 627-632]
                  • Specify a custom color based on RGB values or hexadecimal color code, see Color Chart
                  • To copy and paste special symbols in Windows XP. Start -> All Programs -> Accessories -> System Tools -> Character Map
                  • ArcGIS 8.3 solved the problem of using formatting tags on splined text. See Resolved Issues for ArcGIS 8.3

                  Dynamic Labels: Stacked Labels and more

                  • Layer Properties -> Labels tab: Expression... button
                  • Concatenate operator for JavaScript is " + " and for VBScript is " & "
                  • New line character for JavaScript is " \n " and for VBScript is " vbNewLine "
                  • Enclose text strings in double quotes
                  • Can easily add a unit using expressions which is better than adding the label to the attribute table. For example [Area] + " sq ft" and assume area = 20 then the label will display 20 sq ft

                  Dynamic Labels with VBScript Functions

                  • How do you format Assessor Parcel Number? Have a field with 16319301001, want dynamic label to be 163-19-301-001
                    • Left ([Parcel], 3) & "-" & Mid ([Parcel], 4, 2) & "-" & Mid ([Parcel], 6, 3) & "-" & Right ([Parcel], 3)
                  • See Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting Help

                  Dynamic Labels: Label Methods

                  • Label all the features the same way
                  • Define classes of features and label each class differently
                    • Add a new class for different styles
                    • Use SQL Query to create subset of labels

                  Dynamic Labels: Label Priorities

                  • Features in layers and classes with a higher priority will be labeled over those with a lower priority
                  • Because label priority setting affects multiple layers, it's a property of the data frame, not an individual layer
                  • Data Frame Properties -> Labels tab

                  Dynamic Labels: Draw Toolbar Label Options

                  • New Text
                  • New Splined Text
                  • Label - labels annotation based on the field value. To assign a field to table (Layer Properties -> Labels tab -> Label Field)
                  • Callout
                  • New Polygon Text - formats the text like a paragraph that flows to fill a polygon shape. Properties will show the area of the polygon which is helpful when determining watersheds.
                  • New Rectangle Text - formats the text like a paragraph that flows to fill a rectangle shape.
                  • New Circle Text - formats the text like a paragraph that flows to fill a circle shape.

                  Map Document Annotation: Layout View

                  • Text added to the layout view in ArcMap
                  • Not assigned to an annotation group so CANNOT be turned on/off
                  • Layout text so it doesn't move, scale when panning/zooming the data frame
                  • Very limited feature, tends to just be used in Marginalia (e.g. Title of Map)
                  • Also known as Graphic Annotation
                  • Use 'Select Elements' tool to edit/move Map Document Annotation. Can also use Edit -> Select All
                  • Stored on the Layout View in the Map Document (.mxd)
                  • Use the Drawing Toolbar to add Text to the Layout
                  • Text cannot be shared with other maps like geodatabase annotation

                  Map Document Annotation: Data View

                  • Map Annotation/Annotation Group- set of text graphics that is stored in data frame of the map document (.mxd)
                  • Also known as Map Annotation
                  • Associated to an annotation group so it CAN be turned on/off
                  • Use 'Select Elements' tool to edit/move Map Document Annotation
                  • What is difference between map annotation or graphic annotation? See ESRI Article ID 24262
                  • Annotation Groups - create different containers to store data frame annotation
                  • Two ways to create annotation groups: 1) Data Frame Properties -> Annotation Groups -> New Group... button, or 2) Drawing -> New Annotation Target...
                  • "Text and graphics you draw on top of your data using the tools in the Draw toolbar are collectively known as annotation. This includes text that you draw by typing it with the Text button, Splined Text, Callout Text, or by clicking a feature with the Label Features tool;" [ArcGIS Desktop Help: ArcMap -> Labeling maps with text and graphics -> Organizing annotation into groups]
                  • "Annotation refers either to the process of automating text placement, or to the text itself." [ArcGIS Desktop Help: Working with geodatabases -> Managing annotation -> About managing annotation]
                  • Data Frame Properties -> Annotation tab
                  • All annotation is added to the Default Group Name. Can change the Active Annotation Target from the Drawing menu in the Draw Toolbar. Select New Annotation Target... or Active Annotation Target
                  • Can associate an annotation group with a layer, if the layer is turned off, so is the annotation group
                  • Stored in the map document (.mxd)
                  • Annotation groups that already exist can't be associated with a layer.
                  • Can turn on/off data frame annotation. Will also turn on/off any graphics drawn on that annotation group.
                  • Cannot turn on/off layout annotation
                  • Text associated with a map feature should be added to the data frame.

                  Map Document Annotation: Data View - Creating New

                  • Use the default annotation group or create a new one (e.g. Drawing -> New Annotation Target...)
                  • Specify the Annotation Target
                  • Text Element Types
                    • Point Text - horizontal line text (black capital A)
                    • Spline Text - draw a curved line, text is placed along it
                    • Callout box Text - text with a mask and a leader
                    • Label Text - interactive by pointing/clicking on a feature, label value comes from the feature attribute table
                      • Use the Drawing Toolbar, Label button to selectively add a label
                      • Set the Active Annotation Target using (View -> Toolbars -> Draw) Drawing -> Active Annotation Target
                      • Can copy and paste annotation. Will always paste into the Active Annotation Target. See ESRI Article ID 18038
                  • Can add data frame annotation in layout view if the data frame has been double clicked (as the focus)
                  • Text representing an element on the map layout (e.g. a title) should be added to the layout.
                  • Text- also known as Static Text, tends to be something you type. [Ormsby 01, p. 190]
                  • Cannot turn text elements on/off
                  • ArcMap: Insert -> Text or can be inserted using the Drawing Toolbar
                  • Select text elements using the Select Graphic/Elements (black arrow button). Dashed blue line indicates the text element is selected.
                    • Can now use the drawing toolbar to change the font and size of the selected text.
                    • A single click on the text element, or right mouse click and select properties, will allow you to change the text value
                  • To edit the text value, double click the element with the Select Graphics button then type a new value.
                  • Using the Drawing Toolbar: Drawing > Default Symbol Properties... to change the text style that is used when insert new text (Insert -> Text). Changing the text style on the Drawing toolbar will not change the default symbol when inserting text. Feel this is a poor software design.

                  GeoDatabase Annotation: Standard Annotation

                  • Used to store large amounts of text
                  • Ability to share text between maps
                  • Reference scale is independent of data frame reference scale
                  • Reference scale is not editable after an annotation feature class is created
                  • Use ArcMap to edit Geodatabase annotation, Edit Annotation tool from the Advanced Editing toolbar
                  • Stored in a BLOB field (Binary Large OBject)
                  • Also known as NonFeature-linked Annotation
                  • To create, edit, or delete geodatabase annotation you must first start an edit session
                  • Use Sketch tool (from Editor Toolbar) and Construction dropdown (from the Annotation Toolbar) to create annotation. Also can use the shortcuts on Annotation Toolbar.
                  • Need to upgrade ArcGIS 8 annotation to ArcGIS 9 using ArcToolbox (Update Annotation Feature Class tool)
                  • Nonfeature-linked Annotation: geographically placed text strings that are not associated with features in the geodatabase. For example text on a map for a mountain range.
                  • Annotation Feature Class- set of text graphics that is stored in a geodatabase
                  • Use the ArcMap editing tools to create GeoDatabase Annotation instead of the Drawing Toolbar which is used to create Map Document Annotation
                  • Geodatabase Annotation is always stored in an annotation feature class
                  • ESRI Article ID 22993 How does ArcMap convert labels to annotation dialog box work when creating geodatabase annotation?

                  GeoDatabase Annotation: Feature Linked

                  • special type of geodatabase annotation
                  • Objective - link the feature to the label, for example using a point feature of cities and a geodatabase annotation layer of city names, feature-linked annotation has the ability to delete the annotation at the same time the point feature of the city is deleted. Ideally this will easy the maintenance of geodatabase
                  • Cons - more steps required to setup and slower performance than standard geodatabase annotation
                  • To create, edit, or delete geodatabase annotation you must first start an edit session
                  • ArcEditor or ArcInfo license is needed to create feature-linked annotation
                  • Feature-linked Annotation: associated with a specific feature in another feature class (origin class) in the geodatabase. The Text (destination) reflects the value of a field in another feature. So, moving the origin will also move the destination feature-linked annotation.
                  • Use the ArcMap editing tools to create GeoDatabase Annotation instead of the Drawing Toolbar which is used to create Map Document Annotation
                  • Annotation Feature Class- set of text graphics that is stored in a geodatabase
                  • ArcGIS 8 "An annotation feature class stored in a geodatabase is actually a polygon feature class that describes a path for a text string to be displayed along. Annotation feature classes have attributes that define how the text is to be displayed." [ESRI Virtual Campus -> Learning ArcGIS II -> Lesson 2 -> Storing annotation as a feature class]
                  • "A fast way to create textual annotation is to convert existing feature labels." [ESRI Virtual Campus -> Learning ArcGIS II -> Lesson 2 -> Summary]
                  • Store annotation in a map if its a one time application (known as Map Document Annotation). If it will be reused, store in a feature class in the geodatabase.
                  • Stacked annotation displays on one line, see ESRI Article# 21770
                  • Version 9 of ArcMap changes the annotation model, will make it more like coverage annotation. Also will give the ability to change text color from the TOC like you do with other layers. Should be a big improvement.
                  • ESRI Article ID 21409, Can I create feature linked annotation based on attributes in a joined field? Yes to can create them, No they are not linked. Any changes to the joined table doesn't propagate back to the geodatabase.
                  • ESRI Article ID 23578 How to convert labels to annotation and store overflow labels in a separate annotation feature class.
                  • Requires ArcEditor or ArcInfo license to create
                  • Geodatabase Annotation is always stored in an annotation feature class
                  • How to change the font and size of geodatabase annotation, see ESRI Article Number 15053. This global change has issues if all the text rotation isn't the same, also has problems with leaders, callouts, and spline text.
                    1. Select all the annotation you want to change in ArcMap using the Select Elements button (black arrow)
                    2. Start an ArcMap edit session
                    3. Select desired size or font from the Draw toolbar
                    4. save edits
                  • Annotation Toolbar: View -> Toolbars -> Annotation
                  • When editing annotation, the Editor toolbar, Target is ignored. All annotation is added to the target annotation layer specified in the Drawing -> Active Annotation Target.

                  ArcInfo Coverage Annotation

                  • Use the "\" backslash to make stacked text
                  • When converting Coverage Annotation to Feature Class Annotation, ArcMap treats a "\" as a line feed character to stack the text. See ESRI Article# 24235
                  • "The annotation class into which you convert your coverage annotation must exist in the geodatabase before you perform the conversion. You can create a new annotation class using ArcCatalog." [ArcGIS Desktop Help: Working with geodatabases -> Managing annotation -> Converting cover annotation to geodatabase annotation]
                  • (see ESRI Article #11878 to Import annotation from a coverage into a geodatabase)
                  • Importing coverage or CAD annotation into geodatabase annotation (ArcInfo and ArcEditor only)

                  Dimension Features

                  Fonts

                  • Font Tutorial provides pictures of font height
                  • Fonts are measured in Points. 72 points = 1 inch
                  • If you print the letter A at 72 points, will it be 1 inch tall? No. Point size is the height of the font from its lowest descender to its highest ascender plus a small buffer.
                  • See Xerox Font Tutorial for more info
                           

                  Class 8 Homework

                  ESRI Virtual Campus: Learning ArcGIS I

                  • Submit: Module 6 of 8
                  • Assigned: Module 7 of 8 - Working with Geoprocessing and Modeling Tools

                  Term/Class Project

                  • Submit: Data Needs. Identify your data needs. Does the data exist or will you need to collect it?
                  • Assigned: Identify Spatial Data Sources. What data is tabular and what is spatial. Provide list of the spatial data.

                  Reading Assignment

                  • Getting to Know ArcGIS desktop: Chapters 8 and 10
                  • Quiz on Chapters 8 and 10 in two weeks

                  GIS Tutorial Workbook

                  1. Submit: Tutorial 5
                  2. Assigned: none

                  Homework

                  • Make an 8.5" x 11" plot. Make a plot of the County Assessor Parcel Layer for Book 163 Section 19. Dynamic Label each parcel with the lot size (fieldname AREA) in square feet and the Assessor Parcel Number (APN)- the fieldname is PARCEL-(stack the dynamic label text, include units on lot size). Add the SCL coverage annotation for the street names. Include a vicinity map. Add normal marginial. Homework due in two weeks.
                           

                  Class 9: Tuesday, 14 Mar 2006

                  Guest Speakers(s)

                  none

                  Enjoy your Spring Break, no class this week

                           

                  Class 9 Homework

                  ESRI Virtual Campus: Learning ArcGIS II

                  • Submit: None
                  • Assigned: None

                  Reading Assignment

                  • Getting to Know ArcGIS desktop: Chapter 10 and 11

                  Term/Class Project

                  • Nothing

                  Homework

                  • None
                           

                  Class 10: Tuesday, 21 Mar 2006

                  Guest Speakers(s)

                  none

                  Data Downloads - GIS data section

                  • StreetCenterline.mdb
                  • sclmajor.e00
                  • sclmajor_l.shp, .shp.xml, .shx, .dbf, and .prj
                  • Clark County sewer lines - swsys.e00

                  Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop: Chapter 8 - Querying Data

                  7 ways to query features

                  • 1. Identifying Features
                  • 2. Selecting Features Interactively
                  • 3. Selecting Features by Attributes
                  • 4. Selecting Features by Location (discuss later in Chapter 10 of [Ormsby 01])
                  • 5. Selecting Features by Graphics
                  • 6. Finding Features
                  • 7. Map Tips
                  • Notes, see ESRI Webhelp click ArcGIS Desktop Help, on the left side of the window, select ArcMap -> Querying maps

                  How to Query Graphics

                  • Can only select, not able to query and view attributes like one can with features
                  • on Menu toolbar, Edit -> Select All Elements
                  • on Menu toolbar, Edit -> Unselect All Elements
                  • on Tools toolbar, interactively select using the Select Elements tool (black pointer)

                  How to query Raster Surfaces

                  • See ESRI Webhelp click ArcGIS Desktop Help, on the left side of the window, select ArcMap -> Working with rasters in ArcMap -> Making selections using the geodatabase raster catalog
                  • Cannot use Find or Select By Attributes on Surfaces. See ESRI Article ID 18371

                  How to query TIN Surfaces

                  1. Identify

                  • use the mouse to query feature attributes
                  • will identify features in non-active data frames
                  • will not identify features on layers that have been turned off
                  • Not useful in comparing multiple features
                  • Icon found on the Tools toolbar
                  • features in all visible layers under the pointer will be identified. Solves issue of overlapping features.
                  • Displays all fields with it's values/attributes of the identified feature. Not like Map Tips which only display attributes of one field.
                  • Identify Results Window
                    • Layers Drop-Down List: lets you pick the layer whose features you are identifying. All layers option results in multiple features identified
                    • Left Box: shows identified layers. Select layer's feature value to flash location in map.
                    • Right Scrolling Box: attribute values of the identified layers
                  • Can "flash" the feature in the map display by clicking the name of the feature on the left pane in the Identify Results window
                  • Use Selection Options to specify pixel tolerance

                  2. Selecting Features Interactively

                  • on Tools toolbar, click the Select Features tool
                  • Use mouse to select features one at a time or by dragging a box around/through them.
                  • Selecting a record in the feature's attribute table will also highlight/select the feature in the map display.
                  • Selection -> Interactive Selection Method
                    • Create New Selection: select features
                    • Add to Current Selection: aselect features (holding down shift key when clicking with mouse replicates this)
                    • Remove from Current Selection: unselect features (holding down shift key when clicking with mouse replicates this)
                    • Select from Current Selection: reselect features
                  • To view attributes of selected features, right mouse click on the layer in the TOC and Open Attribute Table. Note to change color of selected records, click Options button on lower right corner and click Appearance...

                  3. Selecting Features by Attribute

                  • used to select features that meet specified conditions
                  • Selection -> Select By Attributes...
                  • Queries written in Structured Query Language (SQL) or can use Query Wizard... button in top right corner of Select by Attributes window.
                  • Double click values in the Fields and Samples section to populate SQL window, single SQL operator.
                  • Use SQL Info... button to identify reserved words, if string comparisons are case sensitive, etc.
                  • Verify button will check to see if using proper syntax
                  • SQL expressions
                    • Fields
                      • "AREA" enclose in double quotes if data source is ArcInfo coverage, shapefile, INFO table, or dBASE table
                      • [AREA] enclose in square brackets if data source is a personal geodatabase (Microsoft Access mdb)
                      • AREA don't enclose field if using a shared geodatabase (ArcSDE)
                    • Strings
                      • 'Nevada' enclose strings with single quotes or double quotes, just don't mix (e.g. open statement with single quote then attempt to close with a double quote)
                      • strings are case-sensitive for coverages, shapefiles, INFO tables, dBASE tables and shared geodatabases. Note: the LIKE operator is not case-sensitive, so it will find 'NEVADA' and 'nevada'
                      • Wildcards: '_' and '%' works for everything but personal geodatabases (i.e. coverage, shapefile, INFO table, dBase table, or Entreprise GeoDatabase).
                      • Wildcards: '?' and '*' is used by Jet SQL, namely personal geodatabases (same for Windows command prompt). Note, won't work if using the = operator on strings.
                      • Wildcards: '#' will match a single digit.
                      • GeoDataBase (GDB): Cannot use wildcards (e.g. %, *) with the = operator (the wildcard character will be considered part of the string)
                        • Return 0 records: SELECT * FROM PavementPolygons WHERE [SECT_NO] = 'BLM*';
                        • Return 392 records: SELECT * FROM PavementPolygons WHERE [SECT_NO] LIKE 'BLM*';
                      • Find a Range of Characters ([Bagui 02, p. 139])
                        • Use the LIKE operator
                        • [STRDIR] LIKE "[E,S]" will find all records that have a street direction of East or South
                        • [GRADE] LIKE "[A-C]" will find all students with an A, B, or C grade
                        • [GRADE] LIKE "[!A-C]" will find all students that DO NOT have an A, B, or C grade
                        • [GRADE] NOT LIKE "[A-C]" will find all students that DO NOT have an A, B, or C grade
                        • [SEGNUM] LIKE "0[1-5]" will find all segment numbers 01, 02, 03, 04, and 05
                        • [SEGNUM] LIKE "0#" will find all segment numbers 01, 02, ..., 08, 09.
                    • Comparison Operators: <, >, <=, >=, and <>
                    • IN operator is used to search for several strings in a field, e.g. STATE_NAME IN ('NEVADA', 'UTAH', 'IDAHO')
                      • Cannot use wildcards with the IN operator
                      • [SEGNUM] IN ('0#', '10') will only return records with a value of 10, not 01, 02, and so on
                    • to exclude, use NOT operator
                    • to combine, use AND operator
                    • see ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcMap -> Querying maps -> Building an SQL expression
                  • See ESRI Webhelp click ArcGIS Desktop Help, on the left side of the window, select ArcMap -> Querying maps -> SQL Reference

                  SQL Comparsion Geodatabase, Shapefile, and Coverage

                  SQL Comparison of GDB, SHP, Coverage queries
                  Operator Field Type Geodatabase Shapefile Coverage Notes
                  Field names all enclose in square brackets[ ] enclose in double quotes, " " enclose in double quotes, " " field names are enclosed in [] or ""
                  LIKE Text [STRNAME] like 'maryland' "STRNAME" LIKE 'MARYLAND' "STRNAME" LIKE 'MARYLAND' case sensitive for shp and coverage
                  Equal, = Text [STRNAME] = 'maryland' "STRNAME" = 'MARYLAND' "STRNAME" = 'MARYLAND' case sensitive for shp and coverage
                  Equal, = Numeric [SCLQA] = 25 "SCLQA" = 25 "SCLQA" = 25 case sensitive for shp and coverage
                  multiple Wildcard, * or % Text [STRNAME] like 'maryl*' "STRNAME" like 'MARYL%' "STRNAME" like 'MARYL%' will match any group of characters
                  Single Wildcard, ? or _ Text [STRNAME] like 'Marylan?' "STRNAME" like 'MARYLAN_' "STRNAME" like 'MARY_AND' will match a single character
                  Range of values, - Text [STRNAME] like '[m-p]*' "STRNAME" like '[M-P]%' "STRNAME" like '[M-P]%' selects street names starting with M, N, O, and P
                  Less than, < Text [STRNAME] < 'maryland' "STRNAME" < 'M%' "STRNAME" < 'M%' comparison based on alphabetical order
                  Not equal to, <> Text [STRNAME] <> 'maryland' "STRNAME" LIKE 'MARYLAND' "STRNAME" LIKE 'MARYLAND' select everything but Maryland
                  Between Numeric [SCLQA] between 10 and 30 not available not available same as 10 <= [SCLQA] <= 30
                  IN Text [STRNAME] IN ('maryland', 'flamingo', 'swenson', 'tropicana') not available not available can do the samething with the OR operator
                  NULL Text and Numeric [SCLQA] IS NOT NULL "SCLQA" IS NOT NULL "SCLQA" IS NOT NULL used when field values are not entered
                  NOT NULL Text and Numeric [SCLQA] IS NOT NULL "SCLQA" IS NOT NULL "SCLQA" IS NOT NULL field values are entered
                  Date Date [Datefield] = #mm-dd-yyyy# [Datefield] = date 'yyyy-mm-dd' [Datefield] = date 'yyyy-mm-dd' dates often stored with time

                  5. Selecting Features by Graphics

                  • selects features which are contained by or intersected by the graphic
                  • on Menu toolbar, click Selection -> Select By Graphics
                  • Note option will be grayed out if no graphic(s) are selected
                  • Create graphics from the Draw toolbar. Select either New Rectangle, New Polygon, New Circle, or New Ellipse
                  • Will not work on graphics which have been created with the TEXT, Curves, or Freehand tool
                  • Can use the New Marker tool from the Draw toolbar but no matter how large the marker, unable to select any features.
                  • Layout View graphics cannot be used to select features. Must have the data frame selected, create the graphic, then the option to Select by Graphics will be active.

                  6. Finding Features

                  • Another fast way to search
                  • Creates a selection set that can be used to display attributes, statistics, create reports, create graphs, or export to a new feature class.
                  • Use with Identify tool by right mouse clicking on the results of the find and selecting "Identify feature(s)".
                  • Edit -> Find: Features tab
                  • String is NOT case sensitive if you check "Find features that are similar to or contain the search string"
                  • String is case sensitive if DO NOT check "Find features that are similar to or contain the search string"
                  • Don't use any wildcard characters in the Find dialog box
                  • Can search a single feature database field or the entire feature database.
                  • Doesn't work on non-spatial tables

                  7. Map Tips

                  • allows one to query a single field in a layer by moving the mouse over the feature in the map display.
                  • To view map tips, right mouse click on layer name in TOC, select Properties, then Display tab and check 'Show MapTips (uses primary display field)'
                  • Set the primary display field from Layer Properties -> Fields tab, then select the display field from the drop down box.
                  • Map Tips option is disable for shapefiles with the spatial index file is missing (.shx) see ESRI Article ID 20898
                  • Some issues on speed when trying to zoom and display map tips at the same time. Basically, ensure your the only one accessing the data.
                  • To change the appearance of the map tips, must edit the Windows 2000/XP Tooltip defaults (Control Panel -> Display -> Appearance tab) See ESRI Article ID for details.
                  • Join Fields will display in Map Tips While Relate Fields will NOT.

                  Selectable Layers

                  • use Selection -> Set Selectable Layers... to turn on/off layers that can be selected
                  • use Table of Contents, Selection Tab. Benefits can turn on/off layers to select but also provides a count of features selected in the layer
                  • Selection Options (Selection -> Options...)
                    • use to change how objects are manually selected when dragging a box, that is passthru or within. Last option is to select polygons that enclose the box

                  Hyperlinks

                  • gives ability to link documents or web pages to a feature
                  • must use the Hyperlink tool in the Tools toolbar
                  • Linked features will be outlined in blue when the Hyperlink tool is active for polygons and drawn in blue for lines and points.
                  • Map tip showing the link will popup when you hover the mouse over the linked feature
                  • 3 types of hyperlinks
                    • Document- when clicked, will open a file using the application that the file type is currently associated with
                    • URL- web page will be launched in the default web brower
                    • Macro- ability to create customized hyperlink behavior
                  • If hyperlink is greyed out, try setting the Layer properties in the TOC, Display tab, check 'Support Hyperlinks using field:'
                  • How to define hyperlinks
                    • Field-based hyperlinks- in Layer Properties -> Display tab, check the Support Hyperlinks check box. The link is just an attribute value in the table. Of course the hyperlink field must be defined as a text. Specify fieldname in the box.
                      • Hyperlink Base: File -> Map Properties. "This makes it easier to manage hyperlinks because if the location of the targets changes can simply edit this one setting instead of having to edit each value of the field providing the hyperlink targets." [ArcMap online help] Basically allows relative web pages.
                      • Doesn't work if field contacts photos/images, i.e. the field is defined as OLE Object/BLOB instead of text, the ArcMap hyperlink will not recognize the photos/images embedded in the record.
                    • Dynamic hyperlinks
                      • stores the names of the targets with the layer in the map
                      • Hyperlink Base setting has no effect on dynamic hyperlinks
                      • use Identify tool, then right mouse click on the feature and choose Add Hyperlink. Use same method to edit, manage, or delete links.
                      • Layer must be visible in TOC
                      • Benefits, associate metadata and/or company website with data
                  • ArcMap doesn't recognize hyperlink field type from an Access Database, so the hyperlink tool won't work. In other words, a hyperlink created in ArcMap will not work in Access and vice versa, a hyperlink created in Access will not work in ArcMap. To check the status of this bug, see Tracking ID CQ00237011

                  Creating Reports

                  • ArcMap built-in reporting tool
                    • Can create a report based on select records (select some features then Tools -> Reports -> Create Report... Fields tab, check Use Selected Set)
                    • Can change the Field name displayed in the Report (Tools -> Reports -> Create Report... Display tab, Settings: Fields: select a field: enter name to display in Text property)
                    • Can change the width of a field in the Report (Tools -> Reports -> Create Report... Display tab, Settings: Fields: select a field: enter a numeric value in the Width property)
                    • Can change report in Landscape or Portrait mode (Tools -> Reports -> Create Report... Display tab, Settings: Report: Page Setup)
                    • stored with map
                    • Cannot be used to report any fields that have embedded photos/images. Will need to use the Microsoft Access reporting tool instead.
                    • can be added to map layout only. Copy the report to the clipboard, then Edit -> Paste.
                    • Reports are divided into a series of sections. Each section represents a particular area of the report.
                    • Shade the records in the report by: Report Properties -> Display tab. Under the Settings section of the window, click the + box next to Report -> Records -> Shade Records -> Every Other. For more details see (ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcMap -> Creating reports -> Controlling the presentation of a report -> How to control the presentation of a report -> Shading records in the report)
                    • Can add an image to the top of a report. Report Properties -> Display tab -> Elements -> Image, click Picture button. See ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcMap -> Creating reports -> Adding report elements for more details.
                    • Add title of report under the Elements section, Title -> Text
                    • Saving a report creates a static copy that can be inserted into another map document.
                    • Biggest Limitation - Cannot edit a report after you close it. Even saving the report doesn't allow you to edit.
                    • Biggest Advantage - Quick, can add to a map layout, easy to create alternating record colors
                  • Seagate's Crystal Reports 8: creates report in a separate window that cannot be added to your map layout. Can also be used to create mailing labels, see Article Number 18911
                  • Microsoft Access
                    • Reports are broken into Sections. Also the report prints in this order.
                      • Report Header - text appearing on the top of the 1st page
                      • Page Header - text appearing on top of each page in a report, e.g. reports column heading
                      • Group Header - text appearing at the beginning of each group in a report
                      • Detail - actual text from the table/query in the database
                      • Group Footer - place text or summaries at end of each group in a report
                      • Page Footer - text appearing at the bottom of each page in a report, e.g. page number
                      • Report Footer - text appearing on the last page of the report, e.g. grand total
                    • Calculate Controls: within the footer sections, select the Text Box control properties. On the Data tab, Control Source box, type the following: =Count([Total]). You can use Sum([fieldname]), Max([fieldname]), Min([fieldname]), Avg([fieldname]), and Count([fieldname]).
                    • To add a meaningful label: copy a Text Box control, in the properties, type the following in the
                    • The format of a field is inherited from the underlying table or query. To change the format of a field in a query, select the field in the Query Design Model, select properties, General tab, Format.
                    • In a query, can create a new field, use the following format- FieldLabel: [Fieldname] * 0.5 (best to do this in the expression builder)
                    • Reports can display pictures (e.g. OLE Object fields) for each record. Need to ensure the field data type is OLE Object. I experienced trouble view TIFF and EMF images, successful on BMP and JPEG images. Remember you cannot see actual OLE objects in Datasheet View of a table or query, need to use Forms or Reports to view.
                    • Reports with pictures/images stored in the records of the table. Have the option to Stretch or Clip the image when resizing the control in Report Design View (Size Mode - Clip, Stretch, or Zoom). Zoom Size Mode will maintain the aspect ratio of the image.
                    • References, see [CustomGuide 01, Level 2, Chapter 3, p. 83-110, p. 162 discusses OLE Object fields]. How to Display Images from a Folder in a Form, a Report, or a Data Access Page (see Microsoft Knowledge Base Article - 285820). Explanation of Data Types and Field Properties in a Microsoft Access Database (see Microsoft Knowledge Base Article 304269)

                  Review - Reports and Joins

                  • Download Assessor Parcel 16222 geodatabase with remap images - pl16222remap.zip
                  • Reports
                    • Within Microsoft Access - open the pl16222.mdb geodatabase, then open the remap table. Add a new field with the name IMAGES and the data type OLE Object. Save the table.
                    • In datasheet view, right mouse click on the IMAGE field and select Insert Object..., Create from File, then Browse to the images directory where you downloaded the pl16222.zip file. If you select link checkbox, then the path and filename of the image is stored in the table, not the actual image file.
                    • The name of the program that has the file type associated with it will be displayed in the IMAGE field.
                    • Create a report in Microsoft Access from the remap table, include the IMAGES field in the report
                  • Joins
                    • Add the pl16222 polygon feature class and remap table within the pl16222.mdb geodatabase to ArcMap.
                    • Join them together. From the ArcMap TOC, select the pl16222 polygon feature, right mouse click to bring up the context menu, select Joins and Relates -> Join...
                    • The relate fields, also known as Primary Key, is PARCEL
                    • Open the attribute table to ensure the join was successful.
                  • Hyperlinks
                    • Save the map document (.mxd) with relative paths (File -> Map Properties -> Data Source Options...) Setup Field Based Hyperlinks (Layer Properties on the pl16222 feature class -> Display tab -> check Support Hyperlinks using field, drop down list box select remap.PHOTO, document radio button.
                    • Select parcels in ArcMap using the hyperlink tool, see if PHOTOED.EXE opens with correct photo.
                           

                  Class 10 Homework

                  ESRI Virtual Campus

                  • Submit: Module 7 of 8 - Working with Geoprocessing and Modeling Tools
                  • Assigned: Module 8 of 8 - Designing Maps with ArcGIS

                  GIS Tutorial Workbook - Tutorial 6 Exercises

                  1. Assigned: Tutorial 6 Exercise printouts, turn in printout of exercise 6-1 and 6-2 next week.

                  Reading Assignment

                  • Getting to Know ArcGIS desktop: Chapter 10 and 11
                  • Quiz on Chapters 10 and 11 next week

                  Term/Class Project

                  • Submit: Identify Spatial Data Sources
                  • Assigned: Methodology/Process to solve the problem

                  Homework

                  • Create a report of the Clark County Sewer Lines (swsys.e00) using the following fields: Diameter, DesignLen, and SWNO. Limits of the report are Maryland Pkwy between Tropicana and Flamingo. Determine the cost of the sewer line using Clark County Bond Estimates (Off-Site Improvement Bonds). 8-inch sewer = $17.25 LF, 12-inch sewer = $30.00 LF, 15-inch sewer = $35.00 LF, and 18-inch sewer = $47.50 LF.
                  • Make an plot showing the location of the above sewer line, label sewer lines with SWNO, show major streets and street names.
                  • Fit both an 8.5"x11" plot. Add normal marginalia.
                           

                  Class 11: Tuesday, 28 March 2006

                  Guest Speakers(s)

                  none

                  Data Downloads - GIS data section

                  • SelectByLocationExample.mdb
                  • TownshipRangeSection.mdb
                  • StreetCenterline.mdb

                  Definition Queries

                  • Use to display specific features in a layer without having to create a new layer.
                  • Efficient way to display a subset of the source data
                  • "A definition query resembles an attribute query in that you write an expression to find features with particular attributes. The difference is that features satisfying an attribute query are selected, while features satisfying a definition query are displayed and the rest are hidden" [Ormsby 01, p. 263]
                  • Within the ArcMap Table of Contents, right click on the layer and select Properties -> Definition Query tab and then add query.
                  • Only applies to layers, not tables. See ESRI Article Number: 21233
                  • Issues with definition queries set on preexisting thematic maps and join layers. See ESRI Article Number: 17725
                  • No easy way to identify if the layer has a definition query applied to it. This could lead one to believe your missing some data.
                  • Similiar concept to a database filter which is basically a quick way to search for data records. How to setup a filter in Microsoft Access

                  Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop: Chapter 10 - Selecting features by location

                  Spatial Relationships

                  • Distance
                    • features of one dataset are within a specified distance of the features of another dataset
                  • Containment
                    • centers of features in one dataset fall inside the features of another dataset
                    • features of one dataset fall within the selected features of another dataset
                    • features of one dataset completely contain the selected features of another dataset
                  • Intersection
                    • features of one dataset cross features of another dataset
                    • shared features
                  • Adjacency
                    • features of one dataset share either a point or a line with the selected features of another dataset

                  Select by Location

                  • Used to select features based on their location relative to other features. [See ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcMap -> Selecting features according to their location]
                  • Can select point, line, or polygon features in one layer that are near or overlap features in another layer
                  • I want to
                    • Select features from
                    • Add to the currently selected features in
                    • Remove from the currently selected features in
                    • Select from the currently selected features in
                  • that (Selection Methods)
                    • Intersect
                      • selects any features bordered by the reference features. Will select features alongside it.
                      • "...selects any features bordered by the reference features. For example, selecting wilderness areas intersected by roads will select any wilderness area with a road running within its boundaries or alongside it." (see reference below)
                    • Are within a distance of
                      • selects features near or adjacent to features in the same layer or in a different layer. Use this method for the homework assignment. With the roadcasing parcel selected, to get info about the adjacent parcels, would select within a zero distance.
                      • "This method selects features near or adjacent to features in the same layer or in a different layer. For example, if you have a layer of clean and polluted wells, you can find all the clean wells within 500 meters of the polluted ones. Or you could find the reservoirs and farms in other layers that are within 500 meters of the polluted wells. You can also use this option to find features adjacent to other features. For example, you may have already selected land parcels that your company might purchase, and now you want to get information about adjacent parcels. In this case, you would select the parcels within zero distance of the ones you've already selected." (ibid)
                    • Completely contain
                      • reverse of the previous.
                      • "You can select polygons in one layer that completely contain the features in another layer. For example, select forested areas that have lakes completely within them. To select polygons that completely contain features a certain distance within them, specify a buffer distance. For example, you can select forested areas with lakes at least 500 meters within them." (ibid)
                    • Are completely within
                      • select features in one layer that fall completely inside the polygons of another. Can add a buffer distance to select features that are within another and a certain distance from the boundary.
                      • "This method selects features in one layer that fall completely inside the polygons of another. For example, you can select lakes completely within a forested area. To select features that are a distance form the edges of the polygon they fall inside, specify a buffer distance. For example, you can select lakes that are at least 500 meters within a forested area."
                    • Have their center in
                      • selects the polygon features in one layer that have their centroid in the polygon features of another layer.
                      • "This method selects the polygon features in one layer that have the centroid in the polygon features of another layer." (ibid)
                    • Share a line segment with
                      • selects line and polygon features that share line segments with other features. Cannot be used to select point features.
                      • "this method selects line and polygon features that share line segments with other features. You can't use this method to select point features." (ibid)
                    • Touch the boundary of
                      • selects lines and polygons that share line segments, vertices or end-points with the lines in the layer. Lines and polygons will not be selected if they cross the lines in the layer.
                      • "If you are selecting features using a lyaer containing lines, this method selects lines and polygons that share line segments, vertices or end-points (nodes) with the lines in the layer. The lines and polygons will not be selected if they cross the lines in the layer. If you are selecting features using a layer containing polygons, this method selects lines and polygons that share line segments or vertices with the polygon boundaries. The lines and polygons will not be selected if they cross the polygon boundaries. You can't use this method to select point features." (ibid)
                    • Are identical to
                      • selects any feature having the same geometry as a feature of another layer
                      • "This method selects any feature having the same geometry as a feature of another layer. The feature types must be the same-for example, you use polygons to select polygons, lines to select lines, and points to select points." (ibid)
                    • Are crossed by the outline of
                      • selects features that are overlapped by features of another layer.
                      • "This method selects the features that are overlapped by the features of another layer. For example, selecting wilderness areas crossed by the outline of roads will select any wilderness area with a road inside its boundaries." (ibid)
                    • Contain
                      • similar to Completely contain but allows borders to touch.
                      • "This method selects features in one layer that contain the features of another. This method differs from the Completely contain method in that the boundaries of the features can touch. For example, with the Contain method, a forest will contain a lake-and thus be selected-even if the border of the lake touches the border of the forest. The forest would not be selected using Completely contain because the borders touch." (ibid)
                    • Are contained by
                      • reverse of contain.
                      • "This method selects features in one layer that are contained by the features in another. For example, you can select those cities that are contained by a county. This method differs from Are completely within in that the edges of the features can touch." (ibid)
                  • From menu toolbar: Selection -> Select by Location
                  • Note, sample pictures for the 'Completely contain' and 'Are Completely within' methods are switched. See Article Number 20037.
                  • Use Selected Features checkbox: allows you to query on a subset of features.
                  • Apply a buffer to the features: combines two steps into one, buffer the feature then perform select by location.
                  • ArcGIS Desktop -> ArcMap -> Querying maps -> Selecting features according to their location

                  Spatial Joins

                  • Similar to a table join, except the relate item (Primary Key) is the distance between features.
                  • A spatial join appends the attributes of one layer to another.
                  • Can select features in one layer based on their location relative to another layer, but a spatial join provides a more permanent association between the two layers.
                  • Creates a new layer containing both sets of attributes. For ArcView, output layer is a shapefile. ArcEditor or ArcInfo output layer is either a shapefile or a feature class.
                  • 3 types of spaital joins
                    • Nearest Feature
                      • this is defined as the feature that is geographically closest to another one. Proximity is based on straight line distance between features. In the TOC, right click the layer you want to join attributes to. In first dropdown arrow click "Join data from another layer based on spatial location." Will create a new dataset.
                      • Spatial join based on distance.[Ormsby 01, p. 268]
                      • Nearest feature is defined as the feature that is geographically closest to another one. Proximity is based on straight line distance between features. (ArcGIS Desktop Help -> Arcmap -> Querying maps -> Joining the attributes of features by their location)
                      • right mouse click feature in TOC you want to join attributes to. Join -> Join data from another layer based on spatial location: click option to join the attributes to the features closest to it.
                    • Inside a Polygon
                      • a summary of features within each polygon will be created. In the TOC, right click the layer you want to join attributes to. In first dropdown arrow click "Join data from another layer based on spatial location". When joining the polygon attributes to a point feature, ArcMap adds a Distance field to the output table which contains the distance in map units from the point to the polygon.
                      • Spatial join based on containment.[Ormsby 01, p. 267]
                      • right mouse click feature in TOC you want to join attributes to. Join -> Join data from another layer based on spatial location: click option to join the attributes of the features that fall inside the polygon.
                    • Intersects a feature
                      • a summary of features that intersect each line will be created.
                      • right mouse click feature in TOC you want to join attributes to. Join -> Join data from another layer based on spatial location: click option to join the attributes of the features that intersect it.
                      • Attribute Summary
                        • Average
                        • Sum
                        • Minimum
                        • Maximum
                        • Standard Deviation
                        • Variance
                  • see ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcMap -> Querying maps -> Joining the attributes of features by their location

                  Creating Point Features from Polygon Centroid Features

                  • ArcToolBox -> Data Management Tools -> Features -> Feature to Point

                  Example Spatial Join: Assign closest bus stop to each parcel

                  • Spatial Join the Parcel162.mdb to rtc.mdb
                  • Will add all the fields from rtc.mdb
                  • Also add a new Field called DISTANCE
                           

                  Class 11 Homework

                  ESRI Virtual Campus

                  • Submit: Module 8 of 8 - Designing Maps with ArcGIS
                  • Assigned: Any Module, from Any Virtual Campus Course of your Choice

                  Reading Assignment

                  • Getting to Know ArcGIS desktop: Chapters 11 and 12
                  • Quiz on Chapters 11 and 12 next week

                  GIS Tutorial Workbook

                  • Submit: Tutorial 6
                  • Assigned: Tutorial 7

                  Term/Class Project

                  • Submit: Methodology/Process to solve the problem
                  • Assigned: Draft GIS figures. Contact Jeff or Ching if still don't have the GIS data via email.

                  Homework

                  • None
                           

                  Class 12: Tuesday 4 April 2006

                  Guest Speakers(s)

                  none

                  Data Downloads - GIS data section

                  • IndexGrids.mdb (using the clarktrs_p and index_p polygon feature class layers)
                  • NRCSsoils.mdb (using SSURGOnv788 and SSURGOnv788 polygon feature class layer)
                  • StreetCenterline.mdb
                  • AssessorParcel16319.mdb

                  Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop: Chapter 11 - Preparing data for analysis

                  Chapter 11 Topics

                  • Dissolving features
                  • Creating graphs
                  • Clipping layers
                  • Exporting data

                  Dissolving Features

                  • Process of summarizing/creating a new polygon feature based on the joining of different polygon features, that share a boundary and have the same attribute value, together.
                  • Typically dissolve features based on a field value (e.g. zipcode, dissolve all parcel polygons based on zipcode)
                  • Can dissolve based on a features selection set. Helpful if you don't want to dissolve the entire feature class.
                  • Within ArcMap: ArcToolbox -> Data Management Tools -> Generalization -> Dissolve
                  • Output shapefile or feature class will only have the dissolve field, necessary internal fields, and any summarize attributes.
                  • Using the Township, Range, Section (clarktrs_p in the IndexGrids.mdb)data, can create a map display that only shows the Assessor Books (i.e. full Township and Range, no section boundaries). Note the sections have a layout of alternative lines in opposite directions (as from left to right and from right to left) which is known as boustrophedon (bou'stro'phe'don)
                  • Dissolve can create multipart features, e.g. several polygon features but only one record in the database. Try doing a dissolve on the Township, Range, Section layer based on Section field.
                  • Known issues when trying to buffer a multipart feature, see ESRI Article ID 22007

                  Graphs

                  • Used to complement a map by presenting information about the feature's attributes
                  • can be 2D or 3D
                  • Graph Types [ArcMap Desktop Help- Types of graphs]
                    • Line - show trends in value along a continuous scale. Line graphs display data as lines or as a series of points connected by lines. [ESRI Virtual Campus, Learning ArcGIS, Part II, Module 5, Lesson 1 Working with graphs and images]
                    • Polar - basically a line graph drawn on a circular grid. Used in mathematical and statistical applications
                    • Area - like line graph but areas between X-axis and plot lines is shaded. The shading gives greater emphasis to differences in quantities. Shows the difference in quantities.
                    • Bar and Column - use to compare amounts or show trends, e.g. monthly sales figures. "Real strength is displaying discrete numeric data" [ESRI Virtual Campus, Learning ArcGIS, Part II, Module 5, Lesson 1 Working with graphs and images]
                    • Scatter - used to identify patterns between values
                    • Bubble - similar to scattered, by addition attribute can be display via the size of the bubble
                    • High-Low-Close - range of values plotted as a vertical bar, e.g. air quality readings over a period of time.
                    • Pie - used to show proportions, ratios, and percentages. Can only show one attribute at a time for several records or several attributes for a single record. To show time or a series, will need to use multiple pie charts. Can highlight a pie slice by "exploding" it-moving it slightly away from the center.
                  • to create: Tools -> Graphs -> Create
                  • to add an graph to the layout, right-click the title bar of the graph window and click Show on Layout. This will create a dynamic graph that is automatically updated as the features are changed. Make sure Reload Automatically is checked.
                  • Use copy and paste to create a static graph on the layout
                  • Can insert an excel chart in ArcMap, see Article Number 20330
                  • Images such as logos, inset maps or background images can be added to graphs. "Inserting background images requires that you know the final production dimensions so you can place the images in the exact location on the graph or report. The background image format must be a Windows bitmap (.bmp extension) with color depth set to 256 colors. Images added to graphs are referenced and are not stored permanently with the graph. (See ESRI virtual Campus Learn ArcGIS 8, Part II, Module 5)

                  Exporting Data

                  Create a new layer based on a selection set

                  • Option 1: right mouse click on the layer name in the TOC, select Data -> Export Data... In the export dropdown, click Selected Features. Output data type option: Shapefile, coverage (with ArcEditor or ArcInfo), or geodatabase.
                  • Option 2: to create a new layer from the selected features, right-click the layer, point to Selection, and click "Create Layer From Selected Features". Note this just a virtual layer (not a permanent dataset) but can still symbolize, query and perform analysis on it.
                  • See ArcGIS Desktop Help: ArcMap -> Querying maps -> Exporting selected features
                  • Also will be covered in Chapter 11 [Ormsby 01]

                  Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop: Chapter 12 - Analyzing Spatial Data

                  Buffer

                  • Used to draw boundaries at a specific distance around other features
                  • Can buffer points, lines, polygons, or graphics (see Discussion on Chapter 18 [Ormsby 01, p. 482] for more information on graphics)
                  • Buffer Types
                    • Constant Distance
                    • Variable Distance
                    • Multiple Rings
                    • Dissolve Barriers
                  • Need to specify distance units used by the buffer command

                  Buffer Tools

                  • Buffer Wizard (ArcMap: Tools -> Customize: Commands tab, Tools Category, drag and drop Buffer Wizard onto desired toolbar)
                    • Pros: very easy to use
                    • Cons: all buffers must have the same distance
                  • Multiple Ring Buffer Tool (ArcToolbox -> Analysis Tools -> Proximity -> Multiple Ring Buffer)
                    • Pros: allows buffer ring size to vary
                    • Cons: must supply a distance for each buffer, tool appears to have bugs
                  • Buffer (ArcToolbox -> Analysis Tools -> Proximity -> Buffer)

                  Buffer Applications

                  • Zone changes (Conforming Zone Boundary Amendment): 750 ft radius notice.
                  • Maps showing walking distance to bus stops
                  • Identify parcels adjacent to your planned project. Clark County will use Special Improvement Districts (SID) to generate revenue to pay for roadway improvements (e.g. sidewalks, storm drains, additional driving lanes, and so on). A lien is placed on the property until the improvement is paid off. The Regional Transportation Commission (RTC) usually picks up 90% of the bill.
                  • Vignettes

                  Vignette

                  • a picture that shades off gradually into the surrounding paper (see Webster Dictionary) pronounce as (Vin'yet)
                  • Used to accentuate a feature, for example a coastline or island. A vignette consists of a series of bands, each brighter than the next, emanating from a feature. (See ESRI Article Number: 17492)
                  • Vector and Raster methods to create vignette, see ESRI Whitepaper
                  • To make a gradient from light blue to dark blue, select the layer properties -> Symbology tab -> Color Ramp. If gradient is going in the wrong direction, just select all the symbols, right mouse click and select Flip Symbols.
                  • To preserve work on vignette, right mouse click on layer name in TOC of ArcMap, select option Save As Layer File... this will create a .lyr file which stores the ArcMap settings, not the actual data itself.
                  • Of course the best solution is to have water depth measurements (also known as bathymetry) and shade the water based on this attribute. See Dr. Mark Rudin's work on Lake Mead.

                  Geoprocessing Wizard

                  • Dissolve features based on an attribute (see notes from last week)
                    • ArcToolbox -> Coverage Tools -> Data Management -> Generalization -> Dissolve
                  • Merge layers together
                  • Clipping features in a layer (see notes from last week)
                    • ArcToolbox -> Analysis Tools -> Extract -> Clip
                  • Intersect two layers (type of Overlay)
                    • ArcToolbox -> Analysis Tools -> Overlay -> Intersect (for Geodatabase)
                    • ArcToolbox -> Coverage Tools -> Analysis -> Overlay -> Intersect (for Coverages)
                  • Union two layers (type of Overlay)
                    • ArcToolbox -> Analysis Tools -> Overlay -> Union Tool

                  Merge Adjacent Layers

                  • Used to combine two or more adjacent layers into one larger layer that contains all their features
                  • Layers must be the same type: polygon to polygon, points to points, lines to lines. Cannot merge a polygon layer with a point layer.
                  • Can merge layers that overlap, however features are just appended into the output layer. For example, when selecting a polygon that overlaps another and they have been merged, will select both polygons. Reason is both polygons exists separately in the layer.
                  • Merge is order dependent: feature on top in TOC will be drawn on bottom when merging
                  • "Use fields"- click the layer containing the fields you want to maintain. "If the layers merged to this layer have the same fields, the attributes will be copied to the new layer. If a merged layer contains an extra field, it will be dropped. Also, if a merged layer is missing a field, the field value for features in that layer will be null." [ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcMap -> Querying maps -> Merging layers -> How to merge layers]
                  • Example: Merge Clark County Public Works Easement shapefile ( metadata) with the Clark County Assessor Parcel shapefile (pl16222.shp, pl16222.dbf, pl16222.shx, pe162.shp, pe162.shx, pe162.dbf, show overlapping features (should have 2 features identified, click in left pane window to flash the feature)
                  • With version 8.3, have the ability to select which feature will have its attributes tranferred into the newly created merge polygon. The list will show the primary display field, to help identify the desired polygon.

                  Clipping Layers

                  • Trim features in one layer at the boundaries of features in another layer
                  • Use a polygon feature as a 'cookie cutter' to create a smaller subset of another feature (e.g. points, polygons, or lines). The cookie cutter can be a selection set ('Use selected features only') or a separate layer.
                  • Attributes of the two features are not combined. The output feature will have the same fields as in the clipped (not cookie cutter) feature.
                  • Output is a shapefile (note new features do not have their area, perimeter, or length calculated automatically- to calculate this see Article Number 14564) or feature class (new features are automatically calculated). Use ArcToolbox if dealing with coverages.

                  Overlays

                  • Superimpose one map feature over another to create a new map feature that has the attributes of both input layers, see [Ormsby 01, p. 306]
                  • Intersect
                    • Only Common Areas are included in output
                      • The resulting output layer has the combined attribute data of the features in the two input layers, only contains features that fall within the spatial extent of the overlay polygons.
                    • Think of the overlay polygon as a stamp. It stamps its attributes on the underlying line/polygon features.
                    • Use Join command in ArcMap to stamp polygon attributes onto a point feature
                    • Polygon layer can overlay another polygon layer or a line layer.
                    • Can use a selected set in either or both layers to perform overlay analysis on
                    • Output projection of the intersected feature will be the same as the data frame's projection. In efforts to reduce errors, recommend both features have the same projection.
                    • Output is a geodatabase, then area and length items will automatically be updated.
                    • If output is a shapefile, will need to update area and length fields (see ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcMap -> Working with tables -> Making field calculations). Basically you open the attribute table of the layer, right mouse click on field to update, click Calculate Values, check Advanced and add the following VBA statements:

                      Dim dblArea as double
                      Dim pArea as IArea
                      Set pArea = [shape]
                      dblArea = pArea.area

                      then type variable dblArea in the text box directly under the area field name.
                    • See ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcMap -> Querying maps -> Intersecting features from two layers
                    • From the ArcMap Menu bar: Tools -> GeoProcessing Wizard: Intersect two layers
                  • Union
                    • Both input layers must be polygons
                    • Total Area of both input features are included in output
                      • Extend of both map features are included/combined in output feature.
                    • Resulting output layer from a union of two polygon features has the combined attribute data of the polygons in the two inputs and contains all the polygons from the inputs, whether or not they overlap (see ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcMap -> Querying maps -> Unioning features from two layers)
                    • Can use a selected set in either or both layers to perform overlay analysis on
                    • From the ArcMap Menu bar: Tools -> GeoProcessing Wizard: Union two layers.

                  Calculating Attribute Values

                  • Used to assign attribute values to a field in the feature class/shapefile/coverage or stand alone table
                  • Once calculated, cannot undo changes outside a ArcMap edit session
                  • ArcMap TOC -> right mouse click on layer and select Open Attribute Table -> right mouse click on a field and select Calculate Values...
                  • Will get the following warning message: "You are about to do a calculate outside of an edit session. This method is faster than calculating in an edit session, but there is no way to undo your results once the calucation begins. Do you wish to continue? click yes
                  • click the Advanced Checkbox
                    • VBA Code
                      if [score] > 90 then
                      var = "A"
                      else
                      var = "F"
                      end if
                    • Then enter var into the bottom box. This is the value that will be assigned to field, which may vary from record to record.
                           

                  Class 12 Homework

                  ESRI Virtual Campus

                  • Submit: Any Module, from Any Virtual Campus Course, of your Choice
                  • Assigned: Any Module, from Any Virtual Campus Course, of your Choice

                  Reading Assignment

                  • Getting to Know ArcGIS desktop: Chapters 12 and 13

                  GIS Tutorial Workbook

                  • Turn in Tutorial 7 - Exercise 7-1 and 7-2 Map and the 6 questions from the tutorial (4 from 7-1 and 2 from 7-2)
                  • Assigned: Tutorial 8 due next week - Exercise 8-1 and 8-2 Map and 7 Questions (4 from 8-1 and 3 from 8-2)

                  Term/Class Project

                  • Submit: Draft GIS figure(s)
                  • Assigned: Conclusion

                  Homework

                  • show the road casings (i.e. public right of way, ROW) for Book 162. Use PCLSUBD=95, 96, 97, and 99 field to query the ROW. Note, all records in the AOROW table can be used to identify the Public/Private right of way.
                  • Vicinity map will have the index_p polygon feature class from IndexGrids.mdb geodatabase. Dissolve based on the section number, this should remove the Assessor page number boundary. Label each polygon with the Book number with a white text mask behind.
                  • Clip the SSURGOnv788 layer with the IndexGrids.mdb boundary for Book 162 and Section 19
                  • Add a Bar and Column graph which displays the dominant Hydrologic Group (hydgrp) on the X-axis and Area on the Y-axis of SSURGOnv788 from the NRCSsoils.mdb geodatabase for Book 162 Section 19.
                  • Add standard marginalia.
                           

                  Using Spatial Analyst in ArcMap to create an elevation relief

                    1. Spatial Analyst setup
                      • Can use either Spatial Analyst or 3D Analyst, which are separate extensions to ArcMap, to create a shaded relief
                      • Need 3 things to run the extension: 1) install the software, 2) turn on the extension: Tools -> Extensions -> check Spatial Analyst, and 3) turn on the toolbar: View -> Toolbars -> Spatial Analyst
                      • See [Ormsby 01, p. 115-125] for discuss on symbolizing raster images. Recommend using the ArcMap Color Ramp Elevation #1 for Shaded Reliefs (to see the name of the color ramp, right mouse click on the shading and toggle off Graphic View). Sample grids: c:\GTKArcGIS\Chapter05\Data\afhorndem and c:\GTLArcGIS\Chapter05\Data\afhornshd
                    2. Custom ArcMap Color Ramp for Shaded Reliefs - jjensen.style. Can install from any location, I keep mine with the other styles that ship with ArcMap (c:\arcgis\arcexe83\bin\Styles\). To install in ArcMap: Tools -> Styles -> Style Manager... then click the Styles drop down menu. On the very bottom is Add... When you reopen ArcMap this custom style will be missing so to make it permanent, copy the style into your custom styles (c:\documents and settings\jjensen\Application Data\ESRI\ArcMap\jjensen.style)
                    3. Add DEM (e.g. use Clark Clark DEM projected in stateplane coordinates, ccdemspcszft.tif) to ArcMap. Use above Color Ramp to symbolize.
                    4. Hillshade
                      • From the Spatial Analyst Toolbar: Surface Analyst -> Hillshade... (recommend using ccdemspcszft.tif)
                      • Can use Solar Position and Intensity (SOLPOS) website to determine the Azimuth Angle (i.e. angular direction of the Sun) and Altitude angle of the sun in Las Vegas NV is: (lat=36 degrees north, long=115 degrees west). US Pacific Time Zone is -8:00 (U (GMT - 8:00). Elevation is around 600meters or 2000ft. Azimuth angle is given from south, so -45 degrees is the same as 180 + 45 = 225 degrees from the North, this is the value the Hillshade command wants. The Sun angle (altitude) is 45 degrees (this should be entered in the Hillshade command). Note SOLPOS will return 135 degrees, which is just 180 - 45 = 135. For figures of Azimuth Angle and Altitude angle see ArcGIS Desktop Help -> Extensions -> Spatial Analyst -> Analysis Concepts in Spatial Analyst -> Surface Analysis -> Producing a Hillshade
                      • Instructor Jeff Jensen - recommends having the Hillshade as the top layer with 70% transparent and the elevation color ramp layer below with 0% transparent.
                      • [Ormsby 01, p. 122-123] recommends Elevation layer should be above the hillshade layer in the TOC. Elevation Top Layer, Hillshade Bottom Layer. Make the elevation layer 70% transparent.
                      • double click the Elevation layer to open the Select Color Ramp window. Right mouse click the color ramp symbols and turn off graphic view. Select Elevation #1 color ramp.
                  • Note: if image file is in a different projection, remember that ArcMap can project raster images on the fly. So, ensure the Data Frame project is the one you desire, then add the raster data, ArcMap will reproject it automatically.
                  • See How to make a layer draw partially transparent, ESRI Article ID 18073

                  Elevation Contours

                  • 2D lines of equal elevation drawn on a map
                  • Best example of a physical contour line would be the shore of a lake. The water level represents one contour line because the level of the lake is the same in all places. (see Civil Drafting Technology, 4th Edition, by David A. Madsen and Terence M. Shumaker, p. 170)
                  • An example a messy bachelor might experience is the ring around their bathtub.
                  • Contours are used to represent a surface on a map
                  • Space between a contour is known as the contour interval.
                  • Contours should never touch. Only exception would be mountain cliff or other type of overhang.
                  • Contours that form a "V" are most likely a stream. The bottom of the "V" points upstream.
                  • Closer the contours are to one another, the steep the surface. Tends to be mountainous areas
                  • Further the spacing between the contours, implies a flat surface. Tends to be plains/fields
                  • Contours are usually created from a surface, such as the USGS Digital Elevation Models (DEM)

                  Creating Contours

                  • Requires 3D Analyst Extension
                  • Contours can be created from from two types of surfaces: GRID or TIN
                  • GRID Surfaces: Contouring function interpolates lines between the cell centers. The contours seldom pass through the cell centers and do not follow the cell boundaries.
                  • TIN Surfaces: Contouring function interpolates straight lines across each triangle that spans the contour value, using linear interpolation between the edge endpoints to determine where the countour crosses the face.
                  • Step 1: Obtain or download a surface. Use AREA31.zip USGS 24,000 scale DEM
                  • Step 2:
                    • Tools -> Extension -> check the 3D Analyst box
                    • View -> Toolbars -> 3D Analyst
                    • 3D Analyst Menu Bar: 3D Analyst -> Surface Analysis -> Contour...
                  • Contour Output Format: shapefile only
                  • Use standard Auto-Label features in ArcMap to display the elevation for each contour.
                  • See [ESRI 3D Analyst, p. 119]
                  • Create a single contour: click the Create Contours button on the 3D Analyst menubar, then click on the surface where you want the contour created. Output is a 3D polyline graphic. Height of the contour is written to the status bar. (ArcGIS Desktop Help -> 3D Analyst -> Analyzing surfaces -> Deriving contour lines from a surface). See ESRI Article ID 18417 about single contour created by the Contours button being graphics and cannot be saved to a geodatabase dataset.

                  Symbolize Contours

                  • See ESRI Article ID 20973 to learn how to create contours and symbolize the result using index contours
                  • For example, display 100 foot interval contours with a light gray, then display all 500 foot interval contours with solid black
                  • See ESRI Article ID 15470 to learn how to create labels on contour lines using Mask and Halo
                  • AutoCAD Land Development Desktop (LDD) refers to Major and Minor contours, minor will be light gray, major will be solid black.
                   

                  Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop: Chapter 14 - Building geodatabases

                  Geodatabase

                  • Organize spatial data into feature classes
                  • Similar to Microsoft Access .mdb (one database .mdb - many tables). ESRI's geodatabase (.mdb) can have many feature classes.
                  • A feature class can only store one type. Can have a point feature class. Cannot have a single feature class that stores points and lines.
                  • Feature Dataset- use when two separate feature classes are related (spatially dependent on one another, have a topological association, share the same spatial coincidence and have a common spatial reference). For example water valves (points) are connected to water lines (arcs). Only store spatial components in a dataset, so no reason to store a non-spatial table or attribute table.
                  • Feature Dataset can store feature classes with different feature types.
                  • Cannot store a Feature Dataset within another Feature Dataset.
                  • Feature Datasets have only two properties - name and spatial reference. Cannot store any attributes. Attributes are a property of the feature class which is contained in the feature dataset.
                  • Feature class is a group of points, lines, and/or polygons representing similar geographic objects
                  • Feature classes cannot belong to more than one feature dataset.
                  • What is the difference between a table and a feature class? The feature class will have a shape field.
                  • Shapefile consists of a single feature class. Geodatabases, ArcInfo coverages, and AutoCAD DWGs may contain several feature classes.
                  • Can store point, line, and polygon feature classes in a single geodatabase (Microsoft Access database file, .mdb)
                  • Create geodatabases in ArcCatalog: in the ArcCatalog tree, navigate to folder where you want to store the geodatabase, then right mouse click on the folder and click New -> Personal Geodatabase.
                  • To add a feature classes to the geodatabase, import them.
                  • Personal Geodatabase Locks - only one person can edit a personal geodatabase at a time. To remove this lock either have the other person exit ArcMap or use Task Manager to delete the applockmgr.exe process then physically delete the geodatabase lock file (.ldb).
                  • Can batch import shapefiles, coverages, etc. into a geodatabase
                  • In the Geodatabase, Feature Classes store spatial objects
                  • In the Geodatabase, Tables store
                  • "File management operations, including data imports, are applied on execution and thus there is nothing to save" [Ormsby 01, p. 362]
                  • Geodatabase Required Fields [Ormsby 01, p. 366]
                    • ObjectID- stores a unique ID number for every feature in the class
                    • SHAPE- stores each feature's shape and its location in the coordinate system. The Field will reture a value such as "Polygon" instead of reporting the shape geometry coordinates (this is physically stored in a hidden geodatabase table within the Geodatabase).
                    • SHAPE_Length- measurement field for line and polygon feature classes. For polygons, it is the perimeter. These fields are automatically calculated.
                    • SHAPE_Area- measurement field for polygon feature classes. Automatically calculated by the Geodatabase.
                    • Table with no spatial component - still requires the OBJECTID field (might need to register the table with the geodatabase using ArcCatalog, this will add the OBJECTID field)
                    • Point Shape PreDefined GDB Fields
                      • OBJECTID: Data Type is Object ID
                      • SHAPE: Data Type is Geometry
                    • MultiPoint Shape PreDefined GDB Fields
                      • OBJECTID: Data Type is Object ID
                      • SHAPE: Data Type is Geometry
                    • Line Shape PreDefined GDB Fields
                      • OBJECTID: Data Type is Object ID
                      • SHAPE: Data Type is Geometry
                      • SHAPE_Length: Data Type is Double
                      • Multipoint feature consists of more than one point but only references one set of attributes in the database. Similar to a multipart feature.
                    • Polygon Shape PreDefined GDB Fields (default geometry type when creating new feature class)
                      • OBJECTID: Data Type is Object ID
                      • SHAPE: Data Type is Geometry
                      • SHAPE_Length: Data Type is Double
                      • SHAPE_Area: Data Type is Double
                  • Fields store attribute information in a feature class. A field is defined by a name, data type (e.g. integer), and properties (e.g. domain). Domain is a list or range of valid values for an attribute

                  Geodatabase Geometry Types

                  • Point Feature
                    • Absolute X, Y: allows one to type in the coordinates of the X,Y point. Must be in an ArcMap edit session. Press F6 or right-click anywhere on the map and click Absolute X, Y.
                    • Ctrl-Z will delete last point entered, handy feature.
                  • Multipoint Feature
                    • Add a multipoint feature to ArcMap then Start an ArcMap edit session
                    • Current Task dropdown arrow -> Create New Feature
                    • Target Layer dropdown arrow -> select the multipoint feature class previously created in ArcCatalog
                    • Tool palette dropdown arrow -> click the Sketch tool
                    • Click on map to create parts of the multipoint feature. When you have created the last point of the multipoint feature, right-click anywhere on the map and click Finish Sketch (could also double click last point or hit F2).
                    • Now, when you click one part of the multipoint feature to select it, all points are automatically selected because they all belong to one multipoint feature.
                    • See ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcMap -> Editing in ArcMap -> Creating new features -> Creating point features and vertices -> Creating a multipoint feature
                  • Polygon Feature
                    • Click the Current Task dropdown arrow and click Create New Feature
                    • Click the Target Layer dropdown arrow and click a line or polygon layer
                    • Click the tool palette dropdown arrow and click the Sketch tool
                    • Click on the map to digitize the feature's vertices
                    • When finished, right-click anywhere on the map and click Finish Sketch. Could also double-click on the last vertex of the feature or press F2.
                  • Line Feature
                    • Same procedure as adding a Polygon Feature
                  • Multipart Line and Multipart Polygon (not a separate feature type)
                    • Create a line or polygon feature class in ArcCatalog
                    • When finished creating first part of the feature, right-click anywhere on the map and click Finish Part. Can also Hold down the Shift key and double-click last vertex to finish part.
                    • Create the next part of the feature
                    • When you have finished the last part of the feature, right-click anywhere on the map and click Finish Sketch. Can also Double-click the last vertex to finish the Sketch.
                    • Now, when you click one part of the feature to select it, all parts are automatically selected because they all belong to one multipart feature.
                    • Can copy the shape of a feature from another layer into the current edit session feature. "You can add the shape of a line or polygon feature to the sketch by right-clicking over the feature with the Sketch tool and clicking Replace sketch. The sketch will contain the shape of the feature you clicked over."
                    • See ArcGIS Desktop Help -> ArcMap -> Editing in ArcMap -> Creating new features -> Creating lines and polygons -> Creating a multipart line or a multipart polygon
                    • A multipart feature can only share vertices, not edges.

                  Geodatabase X/Y Domain

                  • Using ArcCatalog, within a geodatabase right mouse click New -> Feature Class... Specify a Name and Alias (displayed in ArcMap TOC), type point/poly/line, click Next use Default configuration keyword, click Next and click the SHAPE field name. Under the Field Properties click to the right of Spatial Reference. Coordinate System tab, use the Import... button to copy profile data from another existing coverage/shapefile/feature class.
                  • Have problems specifying a coordinate system, then entering the X/Y Domain. When adding data will get following error, "The Create Feature task could not be completed. The coordinates or measures are out of bounds."
                  • GeoDatabase stores coordinates as positive 4-byte integers that have a maximum value of 2,147,483,648. [ESRI GDB Lecture 01, p. 4-7]
                  • The default spatial domain is calculated to provide at least 100 percent more space on any side of the entire feature extent for expansion purposes. This is done by a buffer range of 100 percent. Basically multiply the extent range (xmax - xmin) by 3. The multiplier is 3 because you want the current range plus that amount of room on either side. [ESRI GDB Lecture 01, p. 4-19]
                  • The units that the 4-byte integer represents is called storage units. [ESRI GDB Lecture 01, p. 4-7]
                  • Enter the calculated ShiftX and ShiftY for the MinX, MinY and enter the precision setting. [ESRI GDB Lecture 01, p. 4-15]
                  • X/Y Domain values when Imported from an existing coverage. MinX=-262317, MinY=25576995, Precision=976, MaxX=1936706, MaxY=27776018
                  • MinX: -89206749, MinY: -89149212, (having problems with these values) Precision: 100 (100th of a foot), ArcCatalog will calculate MaxX and MaxY
                  • MaxX = MinX + 2147483648/precision = -89206749 + 2147483648/100 = -67731912.55 (calculated by ArcCatalog)
                  • MaxY = MinY + 2147483648/precision = -89149212 + 2147483648/100 = -67674375.55 (calculated by ArcCatalog)
                  • Units for MinX, MinY, MaxX, and MaxY are based on the Projection Units. For example if you setup Stateplane Coordinates, Units Feet then the MinX unit is Feet.
                  • Cannot edit the XY Domain once you finished creating the geodatabase. "The spatial domain for a feature class or feature dataset cannot be changed. If the required x-, y-, m- or z-value ranges for your database change, the data has to be reloaded into feature classes with a spatial reference that accommodates the new value range." (see ArcGIS Desktop Help -> Geodatabases -> Creating new items in a geodatabase -> Geodatabase items)
                  • Tip from Margaret Maher (mmaher@esri.com) use the usstpln83.shp as the extent template. Procedure, add to a new dataframe, change the dataframe coordinate system to Nevada East zone, Stateplane, Nad83, feet. Then select the East zone polygon, and export the data. This will create a permentant projection. Then in the new geodatabase, import this shapefile, will automatically update the X/Y Domain to the correct values.
                   

                  ArcMap Editing

                  • Deleting Features
                    • Must be in an ArcMap edit session
                    • Deleting a feature is independent of the task that is set. For example, if the task is "Create New Features", a selected feature can still be deleted
                    • Use either the "Edit Tool" on the Editor toolbar or the "Select Features" Tool on the Tools toolbar to select features interactively.
                    • To delete a selected feature, click the "Delete" button on the Standard toolbar or press the Delete key on the keyboard.
                  • Moving Entire Feature
                    • Option 1: Dragging
                      • Use the Edit tool to select the feature, then when the pointer turns into a four directional arrow, then can move the feature.
                      • Hold down the ctrl key to move the selection anchor. This is only a temporary move, once you unselect the feature, the selection anchor will go back to the default location.
                    • Option 2: Specifying delta/change in x,y coordinates
                      • Editor Toolbar -> Editor drop down menu -> Move (one or more feature(s) must be selected else the option will be dimmed/greyed out). Type in the X,Y coordinates you want the feature shifted.
                      • Coordinates are measured in map units.
                      • Positive coordinates moves the feature north and east direction
                      • Negative coordinates moves the feature south and west direction
                      • Feature will snap to the selection anchor
                    • Option 3: Rotating
                      • Editor Toolbar -> Rotate Tool (circular arrow with a point in the center)
                      • Rotates around the selection anchor (small blue x in the center of the selected feature) [Ormsby 00, p. 406]
                      • Can move the selection anchor, just place the mouse over the anchor, then mouse icon will change into four small arrows surrounding a circle.
                      • Hit "S" on the keyboard to add an Auxiliary/Second anchor point. Use to snap the rotating feature.
                      • Hit "A" on the keyboard to specify an exact rotation in degrees. Positive number rotates the feature to the right, a negative number rotates the feature to the left.
                      • Can rotate annotation - use the "Edit Annotation" tool on the Advanced Editing toolbar. Once the feature is selected, use the rotate handles on the bottom corners of the annotation.
                  • Copy and Paste Features
                    • Use the copy and paste buttons from the Standard toolbar. (shortcut keys Ctrl-c and ctrl-v work, note feature might be copied on top of the other feature)
                    • All features will be pasted into the Target Layer
                    • The copy feature must be same type as in the target/paste layer. For example copy points to point, lines to lines, and polygons to polygons. Exception, can copy polygon features into a line layer.
                    • Attributes of the feature are not copied over, unless you are copying and pasting in the same layer.
                  • Modify a Feature
                    • Just like you need to create a sketch to create a feature, to modify a feature you must modify its sketch [Shaner 00, p. 21]
                    • To view the sketch of a feature, click the "Edit Tool" then double click the feature. Alternate way, is to change the Task to "Modify Feature" then using the "Edit Tool", select the feature.
                    • Sketch is composed of vertices (where the sketch changes direction) and segments (lines that connect the vertices) [Shaner 00, p. 20].
                    • Vertices are marked in green, with the last vertex added marked in red [Shaner 00, 21]
                    • View Vertices
                      • Currently ArcGIS doesn't have a feature to view vertices of all line segments. So you can snap to a vertice of an existing feature, just cannot see the vertice.
                      • Can only see the vertices of the sketch you are editing.
                      • Enhancement Request CQ00118609: Request option to display vertices of non-selected features
                    • Right mouse on the sketch to bring up the Sketch Context Menu.
                    • Sketch Context Menu
                      • Insert a vertex
                      • Delete a vertex
                      • Move (relative, origin is the coordinate of the vertex)
                      • Move To (absolute, origin is 0,0)
                      • Sketch Properties - modify the coordinate values of a vertex. Open box symbol on the vertex implies it is selected in the sketch properties. Use to delete several vertices at once. Can also alter the m- and z-values of the vertices [Shaner 00, p. 234]. When inserting vertices, added at the midpoint of the segment. Hit the "F" key on the keyboard to enter a scale factor.
                    • Scale - need to add the scale tool (Tools -> Customize -> Commands tab, Editor category, then drag the Scale command onto the Editor Toolbar. Feature is scaled based on selection anchor (small black x near the selected feature).
                  • Fillet
                    • Part of the ArcMap Advanced Editing Tools: Editor -> More Editing Tools -> Advanced Editing: then click the Fillet Tool button on this tool bar.
                    • To use the tool: 1) click one line, then 2) click the other line, 3) drag the mouse to change the size of the fillet radius and click to finalize.
                    • Press the R key to set the fillet options. For example Trim existing segments, specify a fixed radius.
                    • Use the Data Frame coordinate system units for the fillet radius. If want to use another unit, just add the abbreviation, for example 1 ft or 1 mi
                    • km=Kilometer, m=meter, mm=millimeter, ft=international foot, ftUS=Survey foot, mi=mile, nm=nautical mile, ch=chain, yd=yard, rd=rod, lk=link, in=inch, miUS=Survey mile, chUS=Survey chain, rdUS=Survey rod, lkUS=Survey link, ydUS=Survey yard
                    • Not as robust as AutoCAD fillet: 1) cannot create a 0 "zero" radius fillet. 2) cannot create a fillet with a fixed radius on lines that don't intersect, 3) problems trying to create fillet all four corners of a square.
                    • See [ESRI Edit ArcMap 02, p. 84] or ArcGIS Desktop Help -> Editing in ArcMap -> Editing existing features -> Changing the properties of a sketch
                  • Tangent Tool: available in version 8.3 or later. Can only use if you have a sketch selected. Will create a tangent arc based on the sketch selected. Found on the sketch tool palette. Creates circular or true curves. Can right mouse click while creating a line to select the Tangent Tool option on the context sensitive menu.
                  • Midpoint Tool: available in version 8.3 or later. Finds the midpoint between two existing features. Often used to create a centerline between a road casing (ROW). Found on the sketch tool palette.
                  • Endpoint Arc Tool: click two endpoints, then hit R to specify a radius or use the mouse to adjust the radius manually. Available in version 8.3 or later.
                  • Extend Tool: Within an ArcMap edit session, select the feature you want your line to be extended to, click the Extend tool button on the Advanced editing options, then click the feature you want extend. Available in version 8.3 or later.
                           

                  Class 13 Homework

                  ESRI Virtual Campus

                  • Submit: Any Module, from Any Virtual Campus Course, of your Choice
                  • Assigned: Any Module, from Any Virtual Campus Course, of your Choice

                  Reading Assignment

                  • none

                  Homework

                  • Create a sewer line using the Clark County Water Reclamation District Sewer System Pipes and Manholes. Metadata, swsys.e00, swanno.e00 Use the any of the aerial photos that includes UNLV, f0016222.ecw, f0162222.ecw, f0216222.ecw, f0216222.tfw Create a personel geodatabase from swsys.e00. Add an attribute domain for the Pipe Type (e.g. 1=Gravity Line, 2=Lateral Service, and so on). Create a new sewer line to service the Engineering parking garage at UNLV. Using the ArcMap label features, label the new sewer line with the TYPE field in the swsys geodatabase. Remember, you should have already assigned an attribute domain to the TYPE field. Turn in a plot with the UNLV parking garage aerial photo in the background and the new sewer line feature on top. Add normal marginalia.

                  Class Project

                  • Submit a draft next week
                  • Make an 8.5" x 11" plot.
                    • For the main data frame, use the Assessor Parcel data for Book 163 section 19 (i.e. AssessorParcel16319.mdb). Join the AOEXTRACT table in the geodatabase to the book162 polygon feature class. Perform a Definition Query on the AOEXTRACT database, query out all records in Book 162 by TOWNSHIP = '21' AND RANGE = '61' Create a thematic map showing landuse, that is vacant land (LANDUSE LIKE '0*'), residential (LANDUSE LIKE '1*') and commercial (LANDUSE LIKE '3*') parcels. Export the vacant, residential, and commercial as 3 different features/layers.
                    • Create a report showing a few records with the parcel address fields (STRNO, STRDIR, STRNAME, and STRTYPE) and last sales price field (SALEPRICE) and date sold (SALEDATE). Report should have a title. Remember the report is treated as a graphic element in the map layout.
                    • Include a vicinity map using the street centerline geodatabase (streetcenterline.mdb) with the sclcity polygon feature class.
                    • Marginalia: Add a map title and text with your name, homework assignment number, and date assigned. Add map element of north arrow. Add a Legend map element. Create or copy a company logo, add it to the layout as a picture.
                  • Create a report using the ArcMap Report Tool of all the racquetball courts in Southern Nevada. Print the report in Landscape mode, alternate record colors from white to gray. Display the following fields: Owner, StreetAddress, City, Voice, and NoCourts.
                  • Create a report using Microsoft Access Report of all the racquetball courts in Southern Nevada. Include your logo, name, and class number in the page header. Display the following fields: Owner, StreetAddress, City, Voice, and NoCourts. Total the number of locations and number of courts in Southern Nevada, include in the Report Footer.
                  • Create a map of the racquetball locations. Use graduated symbol - big symbol implies several courts (6-8), medium symbol (3-5 courts), and small symbol (1-2 courts). Add the standard geodatabase annotation layer in the lvrl.mdb geodatabase to label all locations. Include a vicinity map, streets, city boundaries and Lake Mead. Include standard marginalia (e.g. title, north arrow, scalebar, legend, and so on).
                  • Create a plot with 2 data frames. One data frame contains the sewer lines and aerial photo of UNLV. The other data frame has the 9 points showing section corners. Add your name, date, and this class number. Turn in next week.
                  • Import the Clark County Water Reclamation District Sewer lines .e00 file
                  • Download the Fall 2003 aerial photo for the UNLV area.
                  • Create a point shapefile from the following table (copy and paste into NotePad, save as section.csv):
                    ID,EastingX,NorthingY,Name,Descript
                    1,1000,2000,NW Section Corner,Set by Govt Surveyor
                    2,1500,2000,Northern Quarter Corner,Set by Govt Surveyor
                    3,2000,2000,NE Section Corner,Set by Govt Surveyor
                    4,2000,1500,Eastern Quarter Corner,Set by Govt Surveyor
                    5,1500,1500,Center of Section,,
                    6,1000,1500,Western Quarter Corner,Set by Govt Surveyor
                    7,1000,1000,SW Section Corner,Set by Govt Surveyor
                    8,1500,1000,Southern Quarter Corner,,Set by Govt Surveyor
                    9,2000,1000,SE Section Corner,,Set by Govt Surveyor
                  • Using the metadata and cities feature for Clark County, create a lookup table in Access with the following fields: PK (define as autonumber, and primary key), CODE (define as number, long integer), and CITYNAME (define as text, length 50)
                  • Use the SCL City Metadata to populate the lookup table.
                  • Join the lookup table to the city feature in ArcMap to create a thematic map based on city name.

                  Homework

                  • Create 8.5x11 Plot with a single dataframe and the following layers
                    • Layer 1 - USA county boundaries (download directly from Census or use local copy co99_d00_shp.zip). Project from Lat/Long to Stateplane coordinates. Label each county.
                    • Layer 2 - Isopluvials
                      • Download precipitation depth from NOAA for the 100 year, 6 hour storm
                      • Import the ArcInfo GRID file, convert to TIFF and project to Stateplane coordinates (NV East zone, NAD83, Units Feet)
                      • Create isopluvials (e.g. rain contours) at 0.1 inch intervals
                    • Layer 3 - rainfall shaded relief
                      • Create a shaded relief based of the TIFF image using the NA14.style color ramp
                      • Set transparency to 60%
                    • Layer 4 - add the USGS DEMS for the southern Nevada (local copy is CCdemMosaicSPCS.zip)
                    • Add normal marinalia, including lat/long gradicules
                  • Create a geodatabase with 4 feature classes. One feature class for each Geometry Type (point, multipoint, line and polygon). Use the spatial domain from United States Stateplane Nevada East Zone 1983 shapefile ( usstpln83.shp, usstpln83.shx, usstpln83.prj, usstpln83.dbf, ). Remember this shapefile is in Geographic Coordinate system, can easily project to Stateplane by changing the coordinate system in the ArcMap dataframe then exporting out the selected feature (Nevada East Zone 1983). Also note, this doesn't creat a perfect X/Y Domain for a Clark County dataset, problem is precision could be improved. Ensure the newly created feature classes overlay the Nevada East Zone. Add normal marginalia.
                  • Create a data frame that has a vignette of Lake Las Vegas. Use 10 rings, 50 feet apart. Dissolve barriers and inside rings only. Create a color ramp from "White" at the shore line to "Sodalite Blue" for the center of the lake.
                  • Create a 300ft buffer around all RTC bus stops near UNLV. Add the bus routes and symbolize the bus stops by its amenities (e.g. S=Shelter, B=Bench, and so on). Include a legend for the bus stop amenity.
                  • Create 2 data frames side by side. Both contain the Census county boundaries for NV, but one has Geographic Coordinates (lat/long) and the other State Plane Coordinates (Nevada East Zone Feet, NAD83). Label the data frame with Geographic Coordinates or State Plane Coordinates.
                  • Add normal marginalia.
                             

                  Class 14: Tuesday, 18 April 2006

                  Guest Speakers(s)

                  none

                  Data Downloads - GIS data Section

                  • Class14.mdb - blank geodatabase with blank point, polygon, and line feature classes. Will be used to create new features in class.
                  • AutoCAD sample from Ferrin Affleck (near Lake Mead and Martin L. King) StonebrookHeights.dwg, StonebrookHeights.wld
                  • Aerial photo for Book 179 section 32, (f0417932.tif, f0417932.tfw, and f0417932.aux)
                  • Assessor Parcel geodatabase for Book 179 section 32 (AssessorParcel17932.mdb) Parcel Map (PM 101-0100) File 101, Page 0100, LanceBurtonPM101-0100.pdf research on KOVIS under Maps of Records)
                   

                  Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop: Chapter 13 - Projecting data in ArcMap

                  When adding data to ArcMap, will sometimes get a warning message "One or more layers is missing spatial reference information, Data from those layers cannot be projected"

                  • "If you add a layer that is in a projected coordinate system to ArcMap, and the coordinate system information is missing" will get that message. Much of the time this is not a problem. You can still display and work with this data as long as ArcMap does not need to project it on the fly. ArcMap will not be able, however, to align this data with data in a different coordinate system." [Ormsby 01, p. 340]

                  Map Projections

                  • Mathematical transformation of a model of the earth's shape (i.e. Oblate Spheroid) to a flat surface (grid). [Ormsby 01, p. 324]
                  • Can distort shape, area, distance, and direction
                  • Geographic Coordinates System (GCS)
                    • based on a curved surface
                    • a measurement of a location on the earth's surface expressed in degrees of latitude and longitude. Tend to have a "taffy-pull appearance" when displaying [Ormsby 01, p. 331]
                    • GCS includes: angular unit of measure (e.g. degrees), prime meridian (i.e. line of zero longitude which passes through Greenwich England), and a datum (e.g. position of spheroid relative to the center of earth, typically use North American Datum of 1983 a.k.a. NAD83)
                    • Latitude: horizontal lines (e.g. equator) and also known as parallels. Measurement values range from -90 to 90 degrees
                    • Longitude: vertical lines, also known as merdians. Measurement values range from -180 to 180 degrees.
                    • Degrees - 1/360th of a cirle
                    • Minutes - 1/60th of a degree, or 60 minutes = 1 degree
                    • Seconds - 1/60th of a minute, or 60 seconds = 1 minute
                    • See ESRI Virutal Campus - Learning ArcGIS 9, Module 3 for more details
                  • Projected Coordinates
                    • based on a flat surface
                    • a measurement of a location on the earth's surface expressed in a two-dimensional system that locates features based on their distance from an origin (0,0) along two axes.
                  • Map projections transform latitude and longitude to x,y coordinates in a projected coordinate system.
                  • Latitude and Longitude can located exact locations on the earth, but no uniform units of measurement (see figure on [Ormsby 01, p. 326])
                  • If all your GIS data is using the same coordinate system, don't have to worry about projections
                  • Empty data frames inherit the projection of the first layer added to it. [Ormsby 01, p. 333]
                  • On-the-fly Projections, [Ormsby 01, p. 328, 336]
                  • ArcMap determines if the coordinate system is geographic or projected by comparing the coordinates. Lat/Long values will be in the tens (Lat=36 degrees) and hundreds (Long=-115 degrees), where as Stateplane coordinates hundred thousand (e.g. x=800,000) and tens of million (y=26,750,000)[Ormsby 01, p. 340]
                    • On-the-fly projections are less mathematically rigorous than permanent projections done using the ArcToolbox Projection Wizard. [Ormsby 01, p. 330]
                    • On-the-fly projections are defined by the Layer Properties. Note this doesn't change the actual file. Projection only applied to data frame. [Ormsby 01, p. 330]
                    • "... a coordinate system is a framework for locating features on the earth's surface using either latitude-longitude or x,y values."
                    • Works well when the data has the same geographic coordinate system (GCS). [Ormsby 01, p. 329]
                    • To transform the coordinate location of a CAD file using coordinate values in ArcMap, see ESRI Article Number 20860
                  • Projection info is assigned to the feature dataset, not the geodatabase. Note all feature classes in a feature dataset must have the same projection. Doesn't appear that all feature datasets need to have the same projection in a geodatabase. Remember a feature class can be contained in a feature dataset, which will ensure it has the same projection info, or can be a standalone feature class.
                  • ESRI software does not support vertical datums. Only reads the z-value as is, you must perform any pre-processing/corrections to the vertical data before entering into ArcGIS. Appears the projection metadata doesn't allow you to enter any additional z-value related data (for example NAVD88 datum, elevation units of feet, and so on).fs

                  How to Project Geodatabases and Shapefiles

                  • Projections in ArcMap